中华烧伤与创面修复杂志

Lay emphasis on the basic research in the field of burn surgery in China

Hu Dahai, Tao Ke

2016, 32(7): 385-388. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.001

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The therapeutic methods and effects have been improved greatly in burn care and management with several important advancements in the past few decades, resulting in more effective patient stabilization and significantly decreased mortality in China. However, the challenging clinical problems still exist, such as a lack of ideally efficient scheme and drugs to protect damaged tissue and internal organs after severe burn, the limited functional cosmetic outcomes of current treatment techniques and synthetic skin substitutes for deep burn wound repair and reconstruction, the high mortality of severe sepsis accompanying with burn injury patients, and the uncontrolled scar formation and modification or potential regeneration in burn wound healing, a further exploration into both underling mechanisms and curable therapies. This article emphasizes the important roles of the basic study in exploration of above clinical issues in the viewpoint of the advanced development of modern life sciences and relevant techniques.

Effects of transforming growth factor β ₁ receptor inhibitor SD-208 on human hypertrophic scar

Li Ming, Fang Yong, Yao Min, Yu Weirong, Ni Tao, Gu Chuan, Yang Penggao, Mao Zhigang

2016, 32(7): 389-395. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.002

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Objective To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁) receptor inhibitor SD-208 on human hypertrophic scar and its mechanisms. Methods Scar fibroblasts were isolated from deprecated human hypertrophic scar tissue and then sub-cultured. Cells of the fifth passage were used in the following experiments. (1) Cells were divided into blank control group (BC) and 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L SD-208 groups according to the random number table (the same grouping method below), with 6 wells in each group. Cells in group BC were added with 1 μL phosphate buffer solution, while cells in the latter four groups were added with 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L SD-208, respectively. After being cultured for 12 hours, the proliferation activity of cells was detected by cell counting kit 8 and microplate reader (denoted as absorbance value). Suitable amount of substance concentration of SD-208 according to the results of proliferation activity of cells was chosen for the following experiments. (2) Another batch of cells were divided into group BC and 1, 3 μmol/L SD-208 groups and treated as in (1), with 8 wells in each group. The number of migration cells was detected by transwell method. (3) Another batch of cells were grouped and treated as in (2), and the microfilament morphology of cells was observed by rhodamine-phalloidin staining. (4) Another batch of cells were grouped and treated as in (2), and the protein expression of TGF-β₁ was assessed with Western blotting. (5) Forty-eight BALB/c nude mice were divided into normal saline group (NS) and 1 μmol/L SD-208 group, and one longitudinal incision with length of 1 cm was made on their back. Then human hypertrophic scar tissue was embedded into the incision. On post injury day 7, multipoint injection of NS in a volume of 0.05 mL was performed in wounds of rats in group NS, while rats in 1 μmol/L SD-208 group were given 0.05 mL 1 μmol/L SD-208, once a day. On the day 0 (the same day), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 post first time of injection, the weight of 8 nude mice was weighed by electronic scale, and scar area was measured by vernier caliper and the ratio of rest scar area was calculated. (6) In week 1, 2, and 3 post first time of injection, the protein expression of TGF-β₁ of human hypertrophic scar tissue was assessed with Western blotting. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and two independent-sample t test. Results (1) The proliferation activity of cells in group BC, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L SD-208 groups was respectively 1.00±0.03, 0.90±0.08, 0.68±0.11, 0.54±0.04, and 0.42±0.09, and the proliferation activity of cells in 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L SD-208 groups was significantly lower than that in group BC (with t values from 2.9 to 22.1, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) The number of migration cells in 1, 3 μmol/L SD-208 groups was significantly less than that in group BC (with t values respectively 6.5 and 6.4, P values below 0.01). (3) Compared with that in group BC, fluorescence intensity of microfilaments of cells in 1, 3 μmol/L SD-208 groups was attenuated, and the pseudopod extended less. (4) The protein expressions of TGF-β₁ of cells in group BC and 1, 3 μmol/L SD-208 groups were respectively 1.00±0.08, 0.80±0.08, and 0.61±0.05, and the protein expressions of TGF-β₁ of cells in 1, 3 μmol/L SD-208 groups were significantly lower than those in group BC (with t values respectively 4.0 and 9.2, P values below 0.01). (5) The weights of nude mice in group NS and 1 μmol/L SD-208 group were similar on each time day (with t values from 0.2 to 1.1, P values above 0.05). The ratios of rest scar area of nude mice in two groups were decreased along with the injection time, and the ratios of rest scar area of nude mice in 1 μmol/L SD-208 group were significantly less than those in group NS from the day 6 to 20 post first time of injection (with t values from 1.8 to 15.9, P<0.05 or P<0.01). In week 1, 2, and 3 post first time of injection, the protein expressions of TGF-β₁ of human hypertrophic scar tissue in nude mice in two groups showed a tendency of decrease, and the protein expressions of TGF-β₁ of human hypertrophic scar tissue in nude mice in 1 μmol/L SD-208 group were significantly lower than those in group NS (with t values from 6.2 to 19.1, P values below 0.01). Conclusions SD-208 has significant inhibition effect on human hypertrophic scars, and the mechanism is correlated to the inhibition of protein expression of endogenous TGF-β₁.

Effects of pretreatment with dimethyloxalylglycine on the survival of multi-territory perforator flap in rat and related mechanism

Tao Xianyao, Zhou Zongwei, Yang Lianghui, Gao Weiyang, Wang Long, Ding Jian, Feng Xiaoliang

2016, 32(7): 396-401. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.003

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Objective To observe the effects of pretreatment with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on the survival of multi-territory perforator flap and the vessels of choke zone (CZ) 2 in rat, and to explore related mechanism. Methods Sixty adult SD rats were divided into group DMOG and normal saline group (NS) according to the random number table, with 30 rats in each group. Perforator flap with three angiosomes was made on the right dorsal side of rat, including deep iliac circumflex artery perforator, intercostal artery perforator, thoracodorsal artery perforator, as well as CZ 1 and CZ 2. Rats in group DMOG were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL NS containing DMOG (40 mg/kg) 2 days before operation, 2 hours before operation, and 2 days after operation. Rats in group NS were intraperitoneally injected with equivalent volume of NS at the same time point. On post operation day (POD) 7, gross observation was conducted, and the survival rate of flap was calculated. On POD 7, the vascularity in CZ 2 and potential zone of flap was observed using angiography. On POD 7, new vessel in CZ 2 of flap was observed with HE staining, and the microvessel density (MVD) was calculated. On POD 7, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CZ 2 of flap was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (respectively denoted as integral absorbance values and ratio of gray value), and blood flow volume of vessel in CZ 2 of flap was examined by laser Doppler perfusion imager. The sample number of each index was 6 in each group. Data were processed with t test. Results (1) On POD 7, rats in two groups all survived, and the flaps were not infected. In group DMOG, the necrotic area of flaps of rats with dark yellow crust and soft texture was observed approximately at the distal end of skin entry point of thoracodorsal artery perforator. In group NS, the necrotic area of flaps of rats with brownish black crust and hard texture was observed approximately at the distal end of CZ 2. The survival rate of flap of rats in group DMOG was (88±3) %, which was significantly higher than that in group NS [(82±3) %, t=3.38, P<0.01]. (2) On POD 7, there were clear vascular structure and many new vessels in CZ 2 of flaps of rats in group DMOG, with intact vascular structure in potential zone. On POD 7, there were unclear vascular structure and few new vessels in CZ 2 of flaps of rats in group NS, with disorder vascular structure in potential zone. (3) On POD 7, MVD in CZ 2 of flaps in rats of group DMOG was (29.2±2.2)/mm^2, which was significantly higher than that of group NS [(20.3±3.6)/mm^2,t=5.10, P<0.01]. (4) On POD 7, the expressions of VEGF in CZ 2 of flaps in rats of group DMOG detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were 5 060±432 and 0.48±0.04 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of group NS (2 811±382 and 0.26±0.06, with t values respectively 9.54 and 5.67, P values below 0.01). (5) On POD 7, blood flow volume of vessel in CZ 2 of flaps in rats of group DMOG was (58±4) perfusion units (PU), which was significantly more than that of group NS [(46±4) PU, t=5.20, P<0.01]. Conclusions DMOG can increase the survival rate of multi-territory perforator flap through promoting angiogenesis in CZ 2 of flap on the back of rat and improving blood supply of flap.

Effects of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of skin deep partial-thickness scald wound of rabbit

Yao Yongming, Yan He, Zhang Zemin, Wu Caifeng, Zhang Liang, Yang Biaobing

2016, 32(7): 402-407. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.004

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Objective To investigate the effects of local injection of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on the healing of skin deep partial-thickness scald wound of rabbit. Methods ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of one New Zealand rabbit and then sub-cultured. ADSCs of the third passage were used in the following experiments. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into ADSCs group (n=12) and control group (n=12) according to the random number table, and one deep partial-thickness scald wound with diameter of 5 cm on the two sides of the back near the buttocks was made. From post injury day (PID) 2, 2 mL suspension of EdU-labeled ADSCs with the number of 5×10⁵ per mL was subcutaneously injected in wounds of rabbits in ADSCs group, while the rabbits in control group were given 2 mL serum-free DMEM until the wounds were healed. Wound healing processes of rabbits in two groups were observed every day, and the healing time was recorded. On PID 7, 14, 21, and 28, areas of wound of three rabbits in two groups were measured and the healing rates were calculated, respectively. The healed wound tissue was harvested to observe the morphology by HE staining, and the expression of collagen fiber was observed by Masson staining. The distribution of EdU-labeled ADSCs in healed wound tissue on PID 28 was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) of healed wound tissue on PID 7, 14, and 21 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design and paired samples t test. Results (1) The wound healing time of rabbits in ADSCs group was (19.5±1.1) d post injury, which was significantly shorter than that in control group [(23.3±1.5) d, t=4.50, P<0.05]. On PID 7, wounds of rabbits in two groups were dry with no obvious exudation, and redness and swelling around wounds disappeared gradually, the wound healing rate of rabbits in ADSCs group was (15.1±2.4)%, which was close to that in control group [(13.7±3.1)%, t=1.20, P>0.05]. On PID 14, wounds of rabbits in ADSCs group were dry and scabbed obviously, and the wound healing rate was (73.1±5.7)%, while wounds of rabbits in control group were little scabbed with little exudation, and the wound healing rate was significantly lower than that in ADSCs group [(52.9±5.1)%, t=8.06, P<0.01]. On PID 21, wounds of rabbits in ADSCs group were generally healed, and the wound healing rate was (95.6±3.0)%, while a few wounds still existed in rabbits of control group, and the wound healing rate was significantly lower than that in ADSCs group [(78.6±3.7)%, t=9.73, P<0.01]. On PID 28, wounds of rabbits in two groups were totally healed with the healing rate of 100%, and texture and microvascular responses of healed wound tissue in ADSCs group were better than those in control group. (2) On PID 7, fibroblasts in healed wound tissue of rabbits in two groups were all increased, and there were little vascular and collagen fiber proliferation with no obvious differences. On PID 14, the number of fibroblasts in healed wound tissue of rabbits in ADSCs group was more than that in control group, and the collagen fibers in healed wound tissue of rabbits in ADSCs group were arranged in dense and uniform, while those in control group were sparse and irregular. On PID 21, skin layers were differentiated in healed wound tissue of rabbits in two groups, and collagen fibers in healed wound tissue of rabbits in ADSCs group were still denser than that in control group. On PID 28, newborn skin was well differentiated in healed wound tissue of rabbits in ADSCs group, which was better than that in control group. There were a lot of thick collagen fibers in healed wound tissue of rabbits in two groups, and EdU-labeled ADSCs were involved in skin texture of rabbits in ADSCs group. (3) The expressions of VEGF and EGF in healed wound tissue of rabbits in two groups were similar on PID 7 (with t values respectively 0.70 and 0.91, P values above 0.05), which in ADSCs group were significantly higher than those in control group on PID 14 and 21 (with t values from 2.85 to 4.81, P values below 0.01). Conclusions The transplantation of ADSCs can promote the wound healing of skin deep partial-thickness scald wound of rabbit and shorten the wound healing time.

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on the secretion of cytokines in macrophages of deep partial-thickness burn wound in rats

Li Yi, Xu Dongbo, Wang Hongjin

2016, 32(7): 408-412. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.005

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Objective To analyze the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on the secretion of growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁), as well as inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in macrophages of deep partial-thickness burn wound in rats. Methods Seventy-eight SD rats were divided into normal control group (n=6), pure burn group, sodium hydrosulfide group, propargylglycine (PPG) group, and sodium hydrosulfide+ PPG group according to the random number table, with 18 rats in each of the latter four groups. Rats in normal control group did not receive any treatment, while rats in the other four groups were inflicted with 5% total burn surface area deep partial-thickness scald (hereinafter referred to as burn) on the back. Immediately after burn, rats in pure burn group, sodium hydrosulfide group, and group PPG were intraperitoneally injected with saline 2 mL/kg, sodium hydrosulfide 56 μmol/kg, and PPG 45 mg/kg respectively, while those in sodium hydrosulfide+ PPG group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium hydrosulfide 56 μmol/kg and PPG 45 mg/kg, once a day till the day before harvesting specimen. Six rats of normal control group fed for one week, and 6 rats from each of the rest four groups on post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 14 were collected respectively. Normal skin on the back of rats in normal control group and tissue in the base of wound of rats in the other four groups were harvested to isolate macrophages, and then the content of bFGF, TGF-β₁, TNF-α, and IL-1β in culture supernatant of macrophages was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance of factorial design, and LSD test. Results Compared with that of normal control group [(42.6±2.5) and (18±4) pg/mL], the content of bFGF and TGF-β₁ in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in pure burn group was obviously increased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), peaking on PID 14 at (141.6±7.7) and (580±16) pg/mL respectively. Compared with that of pure burn group, the content of bFGF and TGF-β₁ in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in sodium hydrosulfide group was obviously increased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), peaking on PID 14 at (193.7±10.9) and (793±12) pg/mL respectively, while the content of bFGF and TGF-β₁ in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in group PPG was obviously decreased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), reaching the nadir on PID 3 at (62.0±7.1) and (170±10) pg/mL respectively. The content of bFGF and TGF-β₁ in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in sodium hydrosulfide+ PPG group was obviously lower than that of sodium hydrosulfide group but obviously higher than that of group PPG at each time point (with P values below 0.01), peaking on PID 14 at (151.3±9.0) and (579±9) pg/mL respectively. Compared with that of normal control group [(97±6) and (31±6) pg/mL], the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in pure burn group was obviously increased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), peaking on PID 3 at (924±8) and (290±10) pg/mL respectively. Compared with that of pure burn group, the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in sodium hydrosulfide group was obviously decreased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), reaching the nadir on PID 14 at (346±10) and (120±5) pg/mL respectively, while the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in group PPG was obviously increased at each time point (with P values below 0.01), peaking on PID 3 at (1 232±13) and (410±10) pg/mL respectively. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture supernatant of macrophages of rats in sodium hydrosulfide+ PPG group was obviously higher than that of sodium hydrosulfide group but obviously lower than that of group PPG at each time point (with P values below 0.01), reaching the nadir on PID 14 at (488±16) and (144±6) pg/mL respectively. Conclusions Supplementation of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in small dosage can increase the secretion of growth factors bFGF and TGF-β₁ in macrophages of wound in rats with deep partial-thickness burn in the early stage and reduce the release of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β in the meantime, thus affecting the healing of wound.

Effects of Sp1 on the basic transcriptional activity of intestinal trefoil factor promoter

Sun Yong, Zhang Pan, Pan Xiaofeng, Zhang Duanyang, Qiu Wei, Wang Peng

2016, 32(7): 413-417. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.006

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Objective To explore response element that maintains basic transcriptional activity of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) promoter. Methods Truncated and mutant 5' flanking sequences of ITF gene were cloned from ITF promoter sequences by PCR, and then they were inserted into the pGL3-basic vector to construct truncated and mutant luciferase vectors to conduct the following experiments. (1) Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were divided into pGL3-basic group, pGL3-300 group, pGL3-280 group, pGL3-260 group, pGL3-240 group, pGL3-220 group, and pGL3-200 group according to the random number table (the same grouping method below), with 3 wells in each group, and they were respectively transfected with 500 ng corresponding plasmids and 15 ng renilla luciferase reporter plasmids pRL-TK. After being cultured for 48 hours, the relative luciferase activity of cells was measured by single tube detection system. (2) Another batch of HEK293 cells were divided into pGL3-basic group, pGL3-300 group, mutant 1, 2, 3, and 4 groups, with 3 wells in each group, and they were respectively transfected with 500 ng pGL3-basic, pGL3-300, mutant 1, 2, 3, and 4 plasmids and 15 ng pRL-TK plasmids. After being cultured for 48 hours, the relative luciferase activity of cells was measured as in (1). (3) Another batch of HEK293 cells were divided into blank control group and 10, 50 μmol/L mithramycin groups, with 3 wells in each group. After being transfected with 500 ng pGL3-300 plasmids and 15 ng pRL-TK plasmids, cells in blank control group were not transfected with mithramycin, while cells in the latter two groups were respectively transfected with 10 and 50 μmol/L mithramycin. After being cultured for 24 hours, the relative luciferase activity of cells was measured as in (1). (4) Another batch of HEK293 cells were divided into blank control group and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 μg pcDNA3.1-Sp1 groups, with 3 wells in each group. After being transfected with 500 ng pGL3-300 plasmids and 15 ng pRL-TK plasmids, cells in blank control group were not transfected with pcDNA3.1-Sp1 plasmids, while cells in the latter three groups were respectively transfected with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 μg pcDNA3.1-Sp1 plasmids. After being cultured for 48 hours, the relative luciferase activity of cells was measured as in (1). Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD test. Results (1) The relative luciferase activity of cells in pGL3-basic group, pGL3-300 group, pGL3-280 group, pGL3-260 group, pGL3-240 group, pGL3-220 group, and pGL3-200 group was 1.00, 7.99±0.51, 2.03±0.55, 2.50±0.40, 2.50±0.15, 1.72±0.19 and 2.10±0.21, respectively. The relative luciferase activity of cells in pGL3-280 group, pGL3-260 group, pGL3-240 group, pGL3-220 group, and pGL3-200 group was significantly lower than that in pGL3-300 group (with P values below 0.01). (2) The relative luciferase activity of cells in pGL3-basic group, pGL3-300 group, mutant 1, 2, 3, and 4 groups was 1.00, 7.99±0.51, 2.10±0.56, 7.03±1.05, 5.09±1.40 and 8.15±1.48, respectively. The relative luciferase activity of cells in mutant 1 group was significantly lower than that in pGL3-300 group (P<0.01). The relative luciferase activity of cells in pGL3-300 group, mutant 2, 3, and 4 groups was similar (with P values above 0.05). (3) The relative luciferase activity of cells in 10 and 50 μmol/L mithramycin groups was respectively 3.07±0.60 and 2.93±0.55, which was significantly lower than that in blank control group (8.05±0.83, with P values below 0.01). (4) The relative luciferase activity of cells in 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 μg pcDNA3.1-Sp1 groups was respectively 12.74±1.12, 14.52±1.25, and 15.66±1.82, which was significantly higher than that in blank control group (8.13±0.71, with P values below 0.05). Conclusions One Sp1 binding site, locating in the region from -301 to -293 bp of ITF promoter, is the core element for regulating the basic transcriptional activity of ITF.

Advances in the research of effects of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on vital organ function and its mechanism

Li Xiuhua, Yao Yongming

2016, 32(7): 422-425. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.008

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Serious major burns, trauma and surgical stress can easily develop into sepsis, and further result in septic shock or even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The mechanism of MODS is complicated, including excessive inflammation, immune dysfunction, coagulation disorder, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent studies have demonstrated that the nervous system could significantly and quickly suppress systemic inflammatory response via the vagus nerve, which might improve multiple organ damage following acute injury. This article is to brief our understanding concerning the structure characteristics of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and its effects on vital organ function and the regulatory mechanism, which might be of great significance to seek a novel way for interventional strategy of MODS.

2016, 32(7): 401-401. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.101

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2016, 32(7): 407-407. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.102

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2016, 32(7): 418-421. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.007

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2016, 32(7): 421-421. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.104

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2016, 32(7): 421-421. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.103

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2016, 32(7): 426-428. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.009

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2016, 32(7): 429-431. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.010

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2016, 32(7): 432-433. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.011

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2016, 32(7): 434-435. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.012

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2016, 32(7): 436-437. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.013

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2016, 32(7): 438-440. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.014

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2016, 32(7): 440-441. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.015

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2016, 32(7): 447-448. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.017

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Bibliometric analysis of scientific articles on evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China

Yue Liqing, Pi Xiqing, Fan Xuegong

2016, 32(7): 442-446. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.07.016

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Objective To analyze the current research status of evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China, in order to provide basis for the improvement of scientificity of burn nursing practice. Methods Chinese scientific articles on evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China published from January 1997 to December 2015 were retrieved from Chinese Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Journals Full-text Database, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. From the results retrieved, date with regard to publication year, region of affiliation of the first author, journal distribution, literature type, literature quality assessment, topic of evidence-based research, fund program support, implementation of evidence-based practice steps, and language and quantity of reference. Data were processed with Microsoft Excel software. Results A total of 50 articles conforming to the criteria were retrieved. (1) Articles about evidence-based nursing of burn arose in 2004. Compared with that in the previous year, there was no obvious increase in the number of relevant articles in each year from 2004 to 2011. The number of literature in 2012 was obviously increased than that in each year from 2004 to 2011, while the number of literature in each year from 2012 to 2015 was not obviously increased compared with that in the previous year. (2) The regions of affiliation of the first author were distributed in 13 provinces, 3 minority autonomous regions, and 3 municipalities, with the largest distribution in East China, and Northwest China and Southwest China in the follow. (3) The articles were published in 32 domestic journals, with 9 (28.12%) nursing journals, 5 (15.62%) burn medical related journals, and 18 (56.25%) other journals. Twenty (40%) articles were published in Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers. (4) Regarding the literature type, 31 (62%) articles dealt with clinical experiences, 17 (34%) articles dealt with scientific research, and 2 (4%) articles dealt with case report. (5) There were 21 quantitative study articles and 29 narrative study articles, all with low quality. (6) The topics of evidence-based research in these articles were mainly burn rehabilitation, burn nursing technology, pediatric burn, inhalation injury and airway management, and complications of burn injury. Only one study was supported by fund program. (7) Only one article described complete evidence-based practice steps. (8) The literature cited 57 English articles as references, with an average of 1.14, and 316 Chinese articles, with an average of 6.32. Conclusions The concept of evidence-based nursing of burn has been initially formed in the mainland of China. The number of relevant articles is on the rise, but the quality needs to be further improved. There is an urgent need to improve nurses' understanding of evidence-based nursing and their command of the method of evidence-based practice through on-job training, so as to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of burn nursing.

2016 Vol. 32, No. 7

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