Establishment and application of a clustered management plan for pulmonary care of massive burn casualties
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摘要: 目的 构建成批烧伤患者肺部护理集束化管理方案(下称肺部护理集束化管理方案)并探讨其应用效果。 方法 (1)成立由解放军总医院第四医学中心(下称笔者单位)烧伤整形科、呼吸内科和感染控制科医护人员组成的集束化干预小组;针对成批烧伤患者的肺部护理关键点和难点,梳理出肺部护理评估、胸肺物理治疗、人工气道管理、专科感染控制4个主要环节;应用循证护理的方法以"成批烧伤、肺部护理、集束化管理"等为中文检索词,以"mass burn、respiratory management、airway management"等为英文检索词,检索《PubMed》《中国期刊全文数据库》《维普数据库》《万方数据库》中与前述4个环节相关的文献,经阅读讨论并结合临床实践经验制订肺部护理集束化管理方案。(2)本非随机对照研究中,将肺部护理集束化管理方案应用于2016年1月—2019年12月笔者单位收治的符合入选标准的73例32(25,38)岁成批烧伤患者(男48例、女25例),将其设为集束化护理组;回顾性将2013年1月—2015年12月笔者单位收治的符合入选标准的43例35(17,45)岁行常规护理的成批烧伤患者(男25例、女18例)设为常规护理组。统计2组患者住院期间肺部感染率和病死率。对数据行
χ 2检验、Mann-WhitneyU 检验和独立样本t 检验。 结果 (1)肺部护理集束化管理方案包括涵盖肺部护理4个主要环节的12项具体措施,肺部护理评估中明确评估内容包括既往病史、受伤史、呼吸状况、声音嘶哑情况、肺部听诊等,胸肺物理治疗中包括如何指导患者有效咳嗽、缩唇呼吸与腹式呼吸联合训练等,人工气道管理中明确接诊即做好人工气道建立的准备、气管切开后的观察指标和频率、湿化方法、吸痰方法与频次、机械通气的管理等,专科感染控制中强化手卫生和呼吸机的管理。(2)集束化护理组患者肺部感染率和病死率分别为2.74%(2/73)、4.11%(3/73),均明显低于常规护理组的25.58%(11/43)、18.60%(8/43),χ 2=11.986、5.043,P <0.05或P <0.01。 结论 针对成批烧伤患者特点制订的肺部护理集束化管理方案,抓主要环节和关键点,措施系统全面、少而精,可操作性强,涵盖成批烧伤救治全程,大大降低了肺部感染率,提高了救治成功率。Abstract: Objective To establish a clustered management plan for pulmonary care of massive burn casualties (hereinafter referred to as the clustered management plan for pulmonary care), and to explore its application effects. Methods (1) A clustered care intervention group was established, including the medical and nursing staff from the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Department of Respiratory Medicine, and Department of Infection Control at the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital (hereinafter referred to as our hospital). Four major links, including pulmonary care assessment, chest and lung physical therapy, artificial airway management, and specialized infection control were sorted out according to the key points and difficulties in pulmonary care for massive burn casualties. Evidence-based nursing methods were employed to retrieve articles related to the above-mentioned four links fromPubMed, Chinese Journal Full -Text Database, VIP Database andWanfang Data using terms of " mass burn, respiratory management and airway management" and terms of "成批烧伤,肺部护理,集束化管理" , and the clustered management plan for pulmonary care was established based on reading and discussion in combination with clinical practice and experience. (2) In this non-randomized controlled study, the clustered management plan for pulmonary care was applied to 73 massive burn patients (48 males and 25 females, aged 32 (25, 38) years) who were admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 and met the inclusion criteria, and they were included into the clustered care group; 43 massive burn patients (25 males and 18 females, aged 35 (17, 45) years) who were admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015, received routine care and met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively included into routine care group. The pulmonary infection rate and mortality of patients in the two groups were recorded during the hospital stay. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Mann-WhitneyU test, and independent samplet test. Results (1) The clustered management plan for pulmonary care included a total of 12 specific measures covering four aspects of pulmonary care. The contents in pulmonary care assessment clearly stated to include the previous medical history, history of injury, respiratory status, hoarseness, pulmonary auscultation, etc. Chest and lung physical therapy included how to guide patients to effectively cough and do pursed lip breathing and abdominal breathing exercise, etc. Artificial airway management specified the preparation for the establishment of artificial airway at clinical reception, the observation index and frequency after tracheotomy, the method of humidification, the method and frequency of sputum suction, and the management of mechanical ventilation, etc. Specialized infection control required to strengthen hand hygiene and ventilator management. (2) The pulmonary infection rate and mortality of patients in the clustered care group were 2.74% (2/73) and 4.11% (3/73), respectively, significantly lower than 25.58% (11/43) and 18.60% (8/43) in routine care group (χ 2=11.986, 5.043,P <0.05 orP <0.01). Conclusions The clustered management plan for pulmonary care developed for massive burn casualties focuses on the major links and key points. The measures are systemic and comprehensive, simple but precise, and highly operable, covering the entire process of massive burn care, hereby reducing the pulmonary infection rate significantly and improving the success rate of treatment.-
Key words:
- Burns /
- Accidents /
- Nursing assessment /
- Massive burn /
- Pulmonary care /
- Clustered management
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