Prospective randomized controlled study on clinical effects of autologous skin paste in repairing medium-thickness skin donor site wounds
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摘要:
目的 探讨自体皮浆修复中厚皮供区创面的临床效果。 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法。2018年10月—2019年12月，浙江大学医学院附属金华医院收治符合入选标准的火焰烧伤或热液烫伤患者18例，其中男15例、女3例，年龄（45±6）岁。患者均采用大腿中厚皮修复，中厚皮切取后形成面积为（121±33）cm2创面。将每例患者中厚皮供区创面分成面积相等的2个创面，采用抛硬币法分为自体皮浆组和常规治疗组，每组各18个创面。自体皮浆组创面采用由自体中厚皮移植后剩余的碎皮片制成的皮浆治疗，常规治疗组创面常规覆盖凡士林纱布，并用无菌纱布包扎固定。术后3、7、14、21 d，观察2组创面愈合情况，并计算创面愈合率。记录2组创面愈合时间。术后3、7、14、21 d，观察2组创面皮下积液、感染等发生情况；术后3个月，观察2组创面破溃等发生情况。术后6个月，采用温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS）评估2组创面瘢痕形成情况。对数据行重复测量方差分析、
χ 2检验、成组
t 检验。 结果 2组创面术后3、7 d均未见愈合。自体皮浆组术后14、21 d创面愈合率分别为（29.8±2.5）%、（95.6±4.7）%，明显高于常规治疗组的（25.8±2.9）%、（82.6±8.9）%，
t =4.3、5.6，
P <0.01。自体皮浆组创面愈合时间为（21.8±1.6）d，明显短于常规治疗组的（25.6±2.0）d，
t =6.24，
P <0.01。 术后3、7、14、21 d，2组创面均未发生皮下积液或感染等并发症。术后3个月，自体皮浆组创面愈合后2例发生破溃，明显少于常规治疗组的12例（
χ 2=11.688，
P <0.01），破溃创面经常规换药后愈合。术后6个月，自体皮浆组创面VSS评分为（9.1±1.1）分，明显低于常规治疗组的（11.3±1.2）分，
t =-5.75，
P <0.01。 结论 将自体中厚皮移植后剩余的碎皮片制成皮浆回植中厚皮供区创面，能有效缩短创面愈合时间，提高创面愈合质量，降低瘢痕增生程度，具有较好的临床效果。
Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical effects of autologous skin paste in repairing medium-thickness skin donor site wounds. Methods The prospective randomized controlled research method was applied. From October 2018 to December 2019, 18 patients with flame burn or hydrothermal scald, conforming to the inclusion criteria were admitted to Jinhua Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, including 15 males and 3 females, aged (45±6) years. The wounds were repaired with medium-thickness skin grafts from thigh, and the wound area was (121±33) cm2 after medium-thickness skin grafting. The medium-thickness skin donor site wound in each patient was divided into 2 wounds in equal area and allocated into autologous skin paste group and conventional treatment group by flipping a coin, with 18 wounds in each group. The wounds in autologous skin paste group were repaired with skin paste prepared with remaining skin fragments after autologous medium-thickness skin grafting, and the wounds in conventional treatment group were covered with petroleum jelly gauze and fixed with sterile gauze. On 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after operation, the wound healing in 2 groups was observed, and the wound healing rate was calculated. The wound healing time in 2 groups was recorded. Occurrences of wound subcutaneous effusion and infection on 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after operation and wound ulceration in 3 months after operation were observed. In 6 months after operation, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the scar formation of wounds in 2 groups. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, chi-square test, and group
t test. Results The wounds in 2 groups did not heal on 3 and 7 d after operation. The wound healing rate in autologous skin paste group was (29.8±2.5)% and (95.6±4.7)% on 14 and 21 d after operation, which were significantly higher than (25.8±2.9)% and (82.6±8.9)% in conventional treatment group (
t =4.3, 5.6,
P <0.01). The wound healing time in autologous skin paste group was (21.8±1.6) d, which was significantly shorter than (25.6±2.0) d in conventional treatment group (
t =6.24,
P <0.01). On 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after operation, there were no complications such as subcutaneous effusion or infection in wounds of 2 groups. In 3 months after operation, ulceration occurred in wounds of 2 patients in autologous skin paste group, which was significantly less than 12 patients in conventional treatment group (
χ 2=11.688,
P <0.01). The ulcerated wounds healed after dressing changes. In 6 months after operation, the VSS score of wounds in autologous skin paste group was (9.1±1.1) points, which was significantly lower than (11.3±1.2) points in conventional treatment group (
t =-5.75,
P <0.01). Conclusions The remaining skin fragments after autologous medium-thickness skin grafting prepared into skin paste to repair medium-thickness skin donor site wounds can shorten wound healing time, improve wound healing quality, and reduce degree of scar hyperplasia, with a good clinical effect.
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