Effects and mechanisms of polycaprolactone-cellulose acetate nanofiber scaffold loaded with rat epidermal stem cells on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats
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摘要:
目的 探讨负载大鼠表皮干细胞(ESC)的聚己内酯-乙酸纤维素(PCL-CA)纳米纤维支架对大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的影响及其机制。 方法 采用实验研究方法。采用快速贴壁法从30只1~3 d龄SD大鼠(雌雄不明)中分离培养原代ESC,采用流式细胞仪、免疫荧光法分别鉴定原代细胞中整合素β1、细胞角蛋白19(CK19)为阳性表达后,采用第1代ESC进行后续实验。采用静电纺丝技术制备以聚己内酯和乙酸纤维素为组分的PCL-CA纳米纤维支架,采用扫描电子显微镜观察支架拓扑结构并测量其中25条纤维直径。采用构建的PCL-CA纳米纤维支架作为培养基底,使用角质形成细胞(KC)培养基培养ESC构建ESC-纳米纤维支架复合物(下称ESC支架),培养3 d,采用扫描电子显微镜观察支架中ESC的形态及其与支架的关系。将ESC支架中的ESC作为PCL-CA纳米纤维支架组,将在Ⅳ型胶原包被的培养皿中使用KC培养基培养的ESC作为Ⅳ型胶原组,培养3 d,采用蛋白质印迹法检测2组ESC中CK19的蛋白表达水平(样本数为3);培养7 d,采用免疫荧光法检测2组ESC中CK19和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的蛋白表达。在15只6~8周龄雄性SD大鼠背部左右两侧均制备1个直径约2 cm的圆形全层皮肤缺损创面后,将大鼠按随机数字表法等分为不行植入的空白对照组、植入PCL-CA纳米纤维支架的单纯支架组、植入培养3 d构建的ESC支架的ESC支架组,计算伤后3、7、14、21 d创面面积百分率(样本数为5);取伤后21 d创缘新生皮肤组织,行Masson染色后评估创面愈合质量,采用蛋白质印迹法检测Notch信号通路关键蛋白Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1的蛋白表达水平(样本数为3)。对数据行单因素方差分析、重复测量方差分析、独立样本
t 检验、Bonferroni校正。 结果 构建的PCL-CA纳米纤维支架具有疏松多孔的网格状多层立体结构,其中的纤维表面光滑无孔隙,纤维直径为(383±24)nm。培养3 d,ESC支架中的ESC具有完整的细胞结构且与支架紧密贴合,细胞间相互连接,细胞充分伸展在支架表面形成膜片。培养3 d,PCL-CA纳米纤维支架组ESC中CK19蛋白表达水平显著高于Ⅳ型胶原组(
t =24.56,
P <0.01)。培养7 d,与Ⅳ型胶原组相比,PCL-CA纳米纤维支架组ESC中PCNA表达阳性细胞比例无明显变化,CK19表达阳性细胞比例更高。伤后3、7、14、21 d,ESC支架组大鼠创面面积百分率分别为(78.0±1.8)%、(40.9±2.0)%、(17.9±1.1)%、(5.0±1.0)%,显著低于空白对照组的(84.2±1.9)%、(45.4±2.6)%、(21.8±1.7)%、(10.1±1.1)%(
t =5.42、3.09、4.33、7.58,
P <0.05或
P <0.01)以及单纯支架组的(82.7±1.2)%、(44.8±2.0)%、(22.4±2.4)%、(10.3±2.4)%(
t =4.98、3.11、3.84、4.57,
P <0.05或
P <0.01);空白对照组与单纯支架组大鼠创面面积百分率相近(
t =1.47、0.39、0.47、0.22,
P >0.05)。伤后21 d,各组大鼠创缘新生皮肤层次完整;与空白对照组和单纯支架组相比,ESC支架组大鼠创缘新生皮肤组织中胶原排列更加整齐;ESC支架组与单纯支架组大鼠创缘新生皮肤组织中支架均完全降解。伤后21 d,单纯支架组大鼠创缘新生皮肤组织中Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1蛋白表达水平与空白对照组相近(
t =1.70、1.94、0.18,
P >0.05),ESC支架组大鼠创缘新生皮肤组织中Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1蛋白表达水平显著高于单纯支架组(
t =13.31、22.07、20.71,
P< 0.01)。 结论 在体外培养条件下,PCL-CA纳米纤维支架能够抑制大鼠ESC的分化而不影响其增殖;利用PCL-CA纳米纤维支架作为载体培养大鼠ESC构建的ESC支架能够显著促进大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面的愈合,其机制可能与Notch信号通路的激活有关。
Abstract:Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of polycaprolactone-cellulose acetate (PCL-CA) nanofiber scaffold loaded with rat epidermal stem cells (ESCs) on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats. Methods The experiment research method was applied. The primary ESCs were isolated from 1-3 d old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (undefined gender) by rapid adherent method and cultured by rapid adherent method. ESCs of the first passage were used for the subsequent experiments after the positive expressions of integrin β1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in primary cells were identified respectively by flow cytometey and immunofluorescence method. PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds with polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate as components were prepared by electrospinning technique. The topological structure of the nanofiber scaffolds was determined and the diameter of 25 fibers was measured by scanning electron microscope. The constructed PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds were used as the culture substrate for ESCs, which were cultured in keratinocytes (KCs) medium to construct ESCs-nanofiber scaffold complex (hereinafter referred to as ESCs scaffold). After 3 days of culture, the morphology of ESCs in the scaffold and their relationship was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The ESCs in ESCs scaffold were set as PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group, and the ESCs cultured with KCs medium in culture dishes coated with type Ⅳ collagen were set as type Ⅳ collagen group. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of CK19 in ESCs in the two groups after 3 days of culture (
n =3). The protein expressions of CK19 and proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ESCs in the two groups were detected by immunofluorescence method after 7 days of culture. A circular full-thickness skin wound of about 2 cm in diameter was prepared on both left and right sides of the back of 15 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks. The rats were then equally divided into blank control group without implantation, scaffold alone group implanted with PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold, and ESCs scaffold group implanted with ESCs scaffold which were constructed after 3 days of culture according to the random number table. The percentage of wound areas on post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 14, and 21 was calculated (
n =5). The new skin tissue at the wound edge was collected on PID 21, the wound healing quality was evaluated by Masson staining, and the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1, which are key proteins of Notch signaling pathway, were detected by Western blotting (
n =3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, independent sample
t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results The constructed PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds had a porous, mesh-like, and multilayered three-dimensional structure, in which the surface of the fibers was smooth and non-porous, and the fiber diameter was (383±24) nm. The ESCs in ESCs scaffold showed intact cellular structures and were tightly attached to the scaffold after 3 days of culture. The cells were interconnected and fully extended on the surface of the scaffold to form a membrane. After 3 days of culture, the protein expression level of CK19 of ESCs in PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group was significantly higher than that in type Ⅳ collagen group (
t =24.56,
P <0.01). After 7 days of culture, compared with those in type Ⅳ collagen group, there was no significant change in the proportion of PCNA positive cells of ESCs in PCL-CA nanofiber scaffold group, while the proportion of CK19 positive cells was higher. On PID 3, 7, 14, and 21, the percentages of wound areas of rats in ESCs scaffold group were (78.0±1.8)%, (40.9±2.0)%, (17.9±1.1)%, and (5.0±1.0)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than (84.2±1.9)%, (45.4±2.6)%, (21.8±1.7)%, and (10.1±1.1)% in blank control group (
t =5.42, 3.09, 4.33, 7.58,
P <0.05 or
P <0.01) and (82.7±1.2)%, (44.8±2.0)%, (22.4±2.4)%, and (10.3±2.4)% in scaffold alone group (
t =4.98, 3.11, 3.84, 4.57,
P <0.05 or
P <0.01), while the percentages of wound areas of rats between blank control group and scaffold alone group were similar (
t =1.47, 0.39, 0.47, 0.22,
P >0.05). On PID 21, the layer of new skin at the wound edge of rats in each group was intact; compared with that in blank control group or scaffold alone group, the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in ESCs scaffold group had more orderly collagen arrangement; the scaffolds in the new skin at the wound edge of rats were completely degraded in ESCs scaffold group and scaffold alone group. On PID 21, the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in scaffold alone group were similar to those in blank control group (
t =1.70, 1.94, 0.18,
P >0.05), while the protein expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the new skin tissue at the wound edge of rats in ESCs scaffold group were significantly higher than those in scaffold alone group (
t =13.31, 22.07, 20.71,
P <0.01). Conclusions PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds can inhibit the differentiation of ESCs of rats without affecting their proliferation
in vitro . ESCs scaffolds constructed through using PCL-CA nanofiber scaffolds as the carrier to culture ESCs of rats can significantly promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway.
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Key words:
- Nanofibers /
- Wound healing /
- Cell differentiation /
- Epidermal stem cells /
- Notch signaling pathway
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