A cross-sectional survey and analysis of influencing factors of humanistic of the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses
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摘要:
目的 调查烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用单中心横断面调查研究方法。2020年5—8月，选择上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院符合入选标准的63名烧伤专科护士，采用自制一般资料调查问卷调查其性别、年龄、职称、工作年限、是否接受过人文关怀培训、学历等17个指标，采用关怀能力量表（CAI）评估其人文关怀能力。将护士按一般资料分类后，统计CAI总得分，对数据行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析。将护士的CAI总得分及认知、勇气和耐心维度得分与国际常模进行比较。选取单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标行多元线性回归分析，筛选烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的独立影响因素。 结果 本次调查共回收问卷63份，均有效。63名护士中男4名、女59名，年龄以20~30岁为主（30名，占47.62%），职称以护师为主（36名，占57.14%），工作年限多>10年（28名，占44.44%），32名护士未接受过人文关怀培训，学历多为大学专科（37名，占58.73%）。不同年龄、职称、工作年限、接受过人文关怀培训、学历护士的CAI总得分差异明显（F值分别为53.95、49.14、75.42，t值分别为6.08、-2.82，P<0.01）。本组护士CAI认知、勇气、耐心维度得分和总得分均明显低于国际常模（t值分别为-2.02、-2.04、-6.19、-3.89，P<0.05或P<0.01）。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、工作年限、职称、是否接受过人文关怀培训是烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的独立影响因素（95%置信区间分别为1.91~23.23、16.25~31.48、1.05~19.09、6.72~31.82，非标准化回归系数分别为12.57、23.86、10.07、19.27，P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论 烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力较弱。烧伤专科护士的年龄、职称、工作年限、是否接受过人文关怀培训是其人文关怀能力的独立影响因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A single-center cross-sectional research method was conducted. From May to August 2020, 63 burn specialist nurses who met the inclusion criteria in Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected. Self-made general data questionnaire was used to investigate 17 indexes, including gender, age, professional title, working years, whether received humanistic care training, academic qualification, and caring ability inventory (CAI) was used to evaluate their humanistic care ability. After the nurses were classified by the general data, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed on the data to analyze the total score of CAI. The CAI total scores and scores of cognition, courage, and patience of the nurses were compared with the international norm. The factors with statistically significant differences in unvariate analysis were selected for multiple linear regression analysis to screen the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses. Results A total of 63 questionnaires were collected in this survey, all of which were valid. Among the 63 nurses, there were 4 males and 59 females, with the age mainly ranging from 20 to 30 years (30 nurses, 47.62%), the professional titles mainly being nurse practitioner (36 nurses, 57.14%), the working years mainly being more than 10 years (28 nurses, 44.44%), 32 nurses not receiving humanistic care training, and academic qualifications mostly being junior college (37 nurses, 58.73%). There were significant differences in the total scores of CAI among nurses with different ages, professional titles, working years, whether received humanistic care training, and academic qualifications (with F values of 53.95, 49.14, and 75.42, t values of 6.08 and -2.82, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of cognition, courage, and patience and the total scores of CAI of nurses in this group were significantly lower than those of international norm (with t values of -2.02, -2.04, -6.19, and -3.89, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, working years, professional title, and whether received humanistic care training were the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses (with 95% confidence intervals of 1.91-23.23, 16.25-31.48, 1.05-19.09, and 6.72-31.82, unstandardized coefficient values of 12.57, 23.86, 10.07, and 19.27, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses is relatively weak. Age, professional title, working years, and whether received humanistic care training are the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses. -
Key words:
- Burns /
- Nursing research /
- Root cause analysis /
- Humanistic care ability
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参考文献
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表1 63名烧伤专科护士不同一般资料分类下关怀能力量表总得分的单因素分析
项目与类别 人数 构成比（%） 总得分（分， 统计量值 P值 性别 男 4 6.35 173±6 t=1.96 0.055 女 59 93.65 200±27 年龄（岁） 20~30 30 47.62 178±20 F=53.95 <0.001 31~40 26 41.27 210±12 41~55 7 11.11 241±16 职称 护士 20 31.75 172±17 F=49.14 <0.001 护师 36 57.14 205±17 主管护师 7 11.11 241±16 工作年限（年） <3 17 26.98 165±8 F=75.42 <0.001 3~10 18 28.57 196±14 >10 28 44.44 220±18 是否接受过人文关怀培训 是 31 49.21 215±24 t=6.08 <0.001 否 32 50.79 182±19 学历 大学专科 37 58.73 191±26 t=-2.82 0.006 大学本科 26 41.27 209±26 婚姻状况 未婚 24 38.10 193±24 t=1.22 0.226 已婚 39 61.90 202±29 是否独生子女 是 55 87.30 196±24 t=-1.46 0.149 否 8 12.70 211±42 政治面貌 党员 5 7.94 207±5 F=2.91 0.062 团员 25 39.68 188±28 群众 33 52.38 204±27 是否担任过班干部 是 39 61.90 199±26 t=0.78 0.938 否 24 38.10 198±29 和父母的关系 亲密 61 96.83 199±27 t=0.94 0.349 不亲密 2 3.17 181±32 和家人通电话频率 每天1次 44 69.84 198±28 F=0.05 0.955 2~5 d 1次 12 19.05 200±19 >5 d 1次 7 11.11 197±37 有无住院经历 有 15 23.81 197±26 t=-0.26 0.800 无 48 76.19 199±28 医院开展人文培训情况 很多 7 11.11 198±20 F=0.10 0.907 多 8 12.70 194±35 一般 48 76.19 199±27 科室人文关怀气氛 很好 10 15.87 197±28 F=0.41 0.668 好 13 20.63 193±24 一般 40 63.49 200±28 与同事的关系 很好 25 39.68 191±24 F=1.97 0.148 好 32 50.79 202±28 一般 6 9.52 210±34 是否热爱护理事业 热爱 58 92.06 198±27 t=-0.18 0.858 不热爱 5 7.94 200±28 
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表2 63名烧伤专科护士关怀能力量表得分与国际常模比较（分，
对象 人数 认知维度 勇气维度 耐心维度 总得分 烧伤科 63 78±8 65±13 55±10 198±27 护士 国际常模 1 388 80±8 68±12 63±5 212±23 t值 -2.02 -2.04 -6.19 -3.89 P值 0.047 0.045 <0.001 <0.001
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表3 63名烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力独立影响因素的多元线性回归分析
影响因素 标准回归系数 非标准化回归系数 标准误 95%置信区间 t值 P值 年龄（岁） 0.32 12.57 5.32 1.91~23.23 2.36 0.022 工作年限（年） 0.74 23.86 3.80 16.25~31.48 6.28 <0.001 职称 0.23 10.07 4.51 1.05~19.09 2.24 0.029 是否接受过人文关怀培训 0.36 19.27 6.27 6.72~31.82 3.07 0.003 学历 -0.03 -1.64 3.71 -9.07~5.80 -0.44 0.661
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