Effects of baicalin on ferroptosis of mouse fibroblasts under high glucose treatment and its mechanism
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摘要:
目的 探讨黄芩苷对高糖处理的小鼠成纤维细胞（Fb）铁死亡的作用及其机制,为糖尿病创面治疗提供依据。 方法 该研究为实验研究。取小鼠Fb,分为常规培养的对照组、用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度5、10 μmol/L的黄芩苷预处理后再同高糖组处理的低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组。培养48 h后,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8检测细胞存活率,用荧光探针法检测细胞活性氧水平,使用比色法检测细胞中丙二醛、谷胱甘肽、亚铁离子水平,采用蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中溶质载体家族7成员11（SLC7A11）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）的蛋白表达水平及细胞质、细胞核中核转录因子红系2相关因子2（Nrf2）的蛋白表达水平。另取小鼠Fb,分为同前处理的对照组、高糖组、高黄芩苷组及用终物质的量浓度均为10 μmol/L 的黄芩苷和Nrf2抑制剂ML385预处理后再同高糖组处理的高黄芩苷+ML385组,培养48 h后,同前检测细胞中SLC7A11、GPX4的蛋白表达水平及细胞质、细胞核中Nrf2的蛋白表达水平。除谷胱甘肽、亚铁离子水平检测样本数为4外,其余指标检测样本数均为3。 结果 培养48 h后,对照组、高糖组、低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组细胞存活率分别为（100.0±10.7）%、（70.0±5.0）%、（80.9±3.2）%、（91.4±1.9）%。与对照组比较,高糖组细胞存活率和细胞谷胱甘肽水平、SLC7A11和GPX4蛋白表达水平以及细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）,细胞活性氧、丙二醛、亚铁离子水平及细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。与高糖组比较,低黄芩苷组和高黄芩苷组细胞存活率和细胞谷胱甘肽水平、SLC7A11和GPX4蛋白表达水平以及细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,低黄芩苷组和高黄芩苷组细胞活性氧水平、亚铁离子水平和细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）,高黄芩苷组细胞丙二醛水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与低黄芩苷组比较,高黄芩苷组细胞存活率和细胞谷胱甘肽水平、SLC7A11和GPX4蛋白表达水平及细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,细胞活性氧水平和细胞丙二醛、亚铁离子水平及细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）。培养48 h后,与对照组比较,高糖组细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平及细胞SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）,细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）；与高糖组比较,高黄芩苷组细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）,细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平及细胞SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）；与高黄芩苷组比较,高黄芩苷+ML385组细胞质Nrf2蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,细胞核Nrf2蛋白表达水平及细胞SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）。 结论 黄芩苷通过激活Nrf2信号通路,上调高糖处理的Fb的SLC7A11/GPX4轴相关蛋白的表达,抑制细胞发生铁死亡,从而提高细胞存活率。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of baicalin on ferroptosis of mouse fibroblasts (Fbs) under high glucose treatment and its mechanism, and to provide a basis for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Methods The study was an experimental study. Mouse Fbs were collected and divided into control group with conventional culture, high glucose group treated with glucose at final molarity of 30.0 mmol/L, and low baicalin group and high baicalin group pretreated with baicalin at final molarties of 5 and 10 μmol/L respectively and then treated as that in high glucose group. After 48 h of culture, the cell survival rate was detected by the cell counting kit-8, the reactive oxygen species level in cells was detected by the fluorescent probe method, the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and ferrous ion in cells were detected by colorimetry, and the protein expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in cells and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cytoplasm and nucleus were detected by Western blotting. Another batch of mouse Fbs were collected and divided into control group, high glucose group, high baicalin group, and high baicalin+ML385 group. The cells in the first three groups were treated as before, the cells in the last group were pretreated with baicalin and ML385 of Nrf2 inhibitor at final molarties of 10 μmol/L and then treated as that in high glucose group. After 48 h of culture, the protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in cells and the protein expression level of Nrf2 in cytoplasm and nucleus were detected as before. Except that the sample number in detecting SLC7A11 and GPX4 was 4, the sample number in detecting other indexes was 3. Results After 48 h of culture, the cell survival rates in control group, high glucose group, low baicalin group, and high baicalin group were (100.0±10.7)%, (70.0±5.0)%, (80.9±3.2)%, and (91.4±1.9)%, respectively. Compared with those in control group, the cell survival rate, the glutathione level, and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level were significantly decreased in high glucose group (P<0.05), and the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level were significantly increased in high glucose group (P<0.05). Compared with those in high glucose group, the cell survival rate, glutathione level, SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level in low baicalin group and high baicalin group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the reactive oxygen species and ferrous ion levels in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level in low baicalin group and high baicalin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the malondialdehyde level in cells in high baicalin group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with those in low baicalin group, the cell survival rate, glutathione level, SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level in high baicalin group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion levels in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level in high baicalin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). After 48 h of culture, compared with those in control group, the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly increased in high glucose group (P<0.05); compared with those in high glucose group, the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly increased in high baicalin group (P<0.05); compared with those in high baicalin group, the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly decreased in high baicalin+ML385 group (P<0.05). Conclusions Baicalin can inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis in cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulating the expressions of proteins related to SLC7A11/GPX4 axis in Fbs in high glucose treatment, thus increasing the cell survival rate. -
龚政：实施研究、起草文章；张筱薇、李笑眉、殷志敏：实施研究、采集数据；白丽民、汪佳希、韩雨佳：分析/解释数据；徐双依、俞璐：统计分析、技术支持；徐刚：研究指导、论文修改、经费支持所有作者声明不存在利益冲突
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参考文献
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图 1 4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后的活性氧水平 2',7'-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯×100。1A、1B、1C、1D.分别为对照组、高糖组、低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组,图1B活性氧水平明显高于图1A、1C、1D,图1C活性氧水平明显高于图1D
注：对照组行常规培养,高糖组用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L的葡萄糖处理,低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组分别用终物质的量浓度5、10 μmol/L的黄芩苷预处理后再同高糖组处理；绿色荧光表示活性氧
图 2 4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后的铁死亡相关指标的水平（
注：横坐标中1、2、3、4分别表示行常规培养的对照组,用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度5、10 μmol/L的黄芩苷预处理后再同高糖组处理的低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组；4组细胞活性氧、谷胱甘肽、丙二醛、亚铁离子水平总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为171.20、187.60、19.55、76.14,P<0.001）；与对照组比较,aP<0.05；与高糖组比较,bP<0.05；与低黄芩苷组比较,cP<0.05
图 3 蛋白质印迹法检测的4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后SLC7A11和GPX4的蛋白表达水平。3A.条带图；3B.条图（样本数为3,
注：图3A条带上方和图3B横坐标1、2、3、4分别表示行常规培养的对照组,用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度5、10 μmol/L的黄芩苷预处理后再同高糖组处理的低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组；SLC7A11为溶质载体家族7成员11,GPX4为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4,GAPDH为3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶；4组细胞SLC7A11和GPX4的蛋白表达水平总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为88.77、49.32,P<0.001）；与对照组比较,aP<0.05；与高糖组比较,bP<0.05；与低黄芩苷组比较,cP<0.05
图 4 蛋白质印迹法检测的4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后细胞质和细胞核Nrf2的蛋白表达水平。4A.细胞质蛋白表达条带图；4B.细胞核蛋白表达条带图；4C.细胞质蛋白表达条图（样本数为3,
注：图4A、4B条带上方及图4C、4D横坐标1、2、3、4分别表示行常规培养的对照组,用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度5、10 μmol/L的黄芩苷预处理后再同高糖组处理的低黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷组；Nrf2为核转录因子红系2相关因子2,GAPDH为3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶；4组细胞的细胞质和细胞核Nrf2的蛋白表达水平总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为41.96、356.90,P<0.001）；与对照组比较,aP<0.05；与高糖组比较,bP<0.05；与低黄芩苷组比较,cP<0.05
图 5 蛋白质印迹法检测的4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后细胞质和细胞核Nrf2的蛋白表达水平。5A.细胞质蛋白表达条带图；5B.细胞核蛋白表达条带图；5C.细胞质蛋白表达条图（样本数为3,
注：图5A、5B条带上方及图5C、5D横坐标1、2、3、4分别表示行常规培养的对照组,用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度10 μmol/L黄芩苷、终物质的量浓度均为10 μmol/L的黄芩苷和ML385预处理后同高糖组处理的高黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷+ML385组；Nrf2为核转录因子红系2相关因子2,GAPDH为3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶；4组细胞的细胞质和细胞核Nrf2的蛋白表达水平总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为151.10、154.40,P<0.001）；与对照组比较,aP<0.05；与高糖组比较,bP<0.05；与高黄芩苷组比较,cP<0.05
图 6 蛋白质印迹法检测的4组小鼠成纤维细胞培养48 h后SLC7A11和GPX4的蛋白表达水平。6A.条带图；6B.条图（样本数为3,
注：图6A条带上方及图6B横坐标1、2、3、4分别表示行常规培养的对照组,用终物质的量浓度30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖处理的高糖组及分别用终物质的量浓度为10 μmol/L黄芩苷、终物质的量浓度均为10 μmol/L的黄芩苷和ML385预处理后同高糖组处理的高黄芩苷组、高黄芩苷+ML385组；SLC7A11为溶质载体家族7成员11,GPX4为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4,GAPDH为3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶；4组细胞SLC7A11和GPX4的蛋白表达水平总体比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为68.02、43.06,P<0.001）；与对照组比较,aP<0.05；与高糖组比较,bP<0.05；与高黄芩苷组比较,cP<0.05
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