Classification of massive postburn scars on neck and the reconstruction strategy using pre-expanded perforator flaps from the back
-
摘要: 目的 探讨颈部大面积烧伤后瘢痕的分型及利用背部扩张穿支皮瓣进行整复的策略。 方法 2010年1月—2014年12月,笔者单位收治37例颈部大面积烧伤后瘢痕患者。笔者所在治疗团队根据瘢痕面积和位置,将颈部大面积烧伤后瘢痕分为3种类型,依据由简至繁,供区皮肤色泽、质地与颈部皮肤相匹配且面积够大、组织够薄,供受区平衡以及优势血管原则,按以下策略选用背部穿支皮瓣。(1)针对累及中央区和一侧外周区且以中央区为主的中央型颈部瘢痕,选用游离旋肩胛动脉穿支皮瓣。(2)针对累及中央区和一侧外周区且以外周区为主的外周型颈部瘢痕,首选带蒂颈浅动脉穿支皮瓣;若术前未探测到占优势的颈浅动脉穿支或其滋养范围内皮肤组织存在瘢痕,根据具体情况选用带蒂枕动脉穿支皮瓣、带蒂肩胛背动脉穿支皮瓣、游离旋肩胛动脉穿支皮瓣。(3)针对累及中央区和两侧外周区的全颈型颈部瘢痕,选用旋肩胛动脉穿支增压的带蒂颈浅动脉穿支皮瓣。所有皮瓣均行Ⅰ期扩张,Ⅱ期转移修复瘢痕切除后创面。 结果 本组患者含中央型颈部瘢痕7例、全颈型颈部瘢痕12例、外周型颈部瘢痕18例。外周型颈部瘢痕患者中,11例采用带蒂颈浅动脉穿支皮瓣,2例采用带蒂枕动脉穿支皮瓣,1例采用带蒂肩胛背动脉穿支皮瓣,4例采用游离旋肩胛动脉穿支皮瓣。术后3例患者皮瓣发生尖端坏死,经换药治疗愈合,其余患者皮瓣存活良好。随访1~6年,患者颈部伸展度均超过110°,颈部侧屈、旋转功能无受限,无皮瓣挛缩现象发生。35例患者对术后外形表示满意。 结论 背部扩张穿支皮瓣整复颈部大面积烧伤后瘢痕疗效较好,其中中央型采用游离旋肩胛动脉穿支皮瓣;外周型首选带蒂颈浅动脉穿支皮瓣,次选带蒂枕动脉穿支皮瓣、带蒂肩胛背动脉穿支皮瓣、游离旋肩胛动脉穿支皮瓣;全颈型采用旋肩胛动脉穿支增压的带蒂颈浅动脉穿支皮瓣。Abstract: Objective To explore the classification of massive postburn scars on neck and the reconstruction strategy using pre-expanded perforator flaps from the back. Methods Thirty-seven patients with massive postburn scars on neck were admitted from January 2010 to December 2014 and treated by our treatment group. The massive postburn scars on neck were categorized into three types according to their size and location. Based on the principles of reconstructive ladder, matching in color and texture between donor site skin and neck skin, large size and thinner thickness of tissue of donor site skin, donor-recipient sites balance, and dominant supplying vessel, we proposed the following treatment strategy for choosing perforator flaps from the back. (1) In view of central cervical scar involving the central area (mainly in this area) and one side of peripheral zone, the free circumflex scapular artery perforator flap was chosen. (2) In view of peripheral cervical scar involving the central area and one side of peripheral zone (mainly in this area), the pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flap was the first choice. In case the pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flap was unavailable because of the absence of superficial cervical artery perforator or scarring within its vascular territory, the pedicled occipital artery perforator flap, pedicled dorsal scapular artery perforator flap, and free circumflex scapular artery perforator flap were chosen as alternative options considering specific condition. (3) In view of total cervical scar involving the central area and both sides of peripheral zone, the circumflex scapular artery perforator supercharged pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flap was chosen. Tissue expansion was performed in the first stage for all the patients. In the second stage, after excision of the cervical scars, the flaps were transferred to cover the wounds. Results Among the 37 patients, 7 were with central cervical scar, 12 with total cervical scar, and 18 with peripheral cervical scar. Among patients with peripheral cervical scar, the pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flaps were used in 11 cases, pedicled occipital artery perforator flaps in 2 cases, pedicled dorsal scapular artery perforator flap in 1 case, and free circumflex scapular artery perforator flaps in 4 cases. Tip necrosis occurred in 3 flaps of patients after surgery, which were healed by dressing change. The other flaps of patients grew well after surgery. Patients were followed up for 1 to 6 years, and all patients were able to extend neck beyond 110° with no sense of restricted neck flexion or rotation. No contracture of flap was observed. Thirty-five patients were satisfied with their appearance after surgery. Conclusions Pre-expanded perforator flaps from the back are useful flaps for reconstruction of massive postburn scar on neck. Free circumflex scapular artery perforator flap is recommended for reconstruction of central cervical scar. Pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flap is the first option for reconstruction of peripheral cervical scar, while the pedicled occipital artery perforator flap, pedicled dorsal scapular artery perforator flap and free circumflex scapular artery perforator flap are alternative options. For total cervical scar, the circumflex scapular artery perforator supercharged pedicled superficial cervical artery perforator flap is recommended.
-
Key words:
- Burns /
- Neck /
- Cicatrix /
- Surgical flaps /
- Tissue expansion devices /
- Reconstruction
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 77
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0