Strategies and clinical effects of free tissue flaps in repairing massive destructive burn wounds

Zhang Wei; Zhang Weidong; Chen Lan; Xie Weiguo; Yang Fei; Xu Junhui; Liu Feng

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240609-00218

Volume 40 Issue 9

Sep. 2024

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Article Navigation > CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS > 2024 > 40(9): 818-827

Cai Yunpeng, Wu Xiaoyan, Chen Xiaodong. Correlation study of Staphylococcus aureus superantigens and formation of human ear keloid[J]. Chin j Burns, 2021, 37(3): 257-262. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200225-00091

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Zhang W,Zhang WD,Chen L,et al.Strategies and clinical effects of free tissue flaps in repairing massive destructive burn wounds[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2024,40(9):818-827.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240609-00218.

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Strategies and clinical effects of free tissue flaps in repairing massive destructive burn wounds

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240609-00218

Department of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University ＆ Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China

Funds:

Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China 2024AFB470

Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project 2022020801020553

Clinical Medical Research Project of Wuhan WX20Q18

More Information

Corresponding author: Xie Weiguo, Email: wgxie@hotmail.com
Received Date: 2024-06-09

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To investigate the strategies and clinical effects of free tissue flaps in repairing massive destructive burn wounds. Methods This study was a retrospective observational study. From June 2014 to October 2023, 51 burn patients with 53 massive destructive burn wounds which met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, including 47 males and 4 females, aged 21 to 77 years. After debridement, the wound area needed to be repaired by tissue flaps ranged from 20.0 cm×12.5 cm to 50.0 cm×15.0 cm. Emergency, early, or delayed transplantation of tissue flaps was performed to repair the wounds. Six head, face, and neck wounds, 5 upper limb wounds, and 1 lower limb wound were repaired with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. Eleven upper limb wounds and 6 lower limb wounds were repaired with anterolateral thigh flaps. Seven upper limb wounds, 5 lower limb wounds, and 2 face and neck wounds were repaired with paraumbilical perforator flaps. One lower limb wound was repaired with lower abdominal flap. Two face and neck wounds, 2 upper limb wounds, and 1 lower limb wound were repaired with inguinal flaps. One upper limb wound was repaired with scapular flap. One trunk wound was repaired with the "fillet flap" from the abandoned upper limb after amputation. Three head, face, and neck wounds, 3 lower limb wounds, and 1 upper limb wound were repaired with omental flaps. Four wounds were repaired by combined transplantation of the above-mentioned tissue flaps. Three wounds were repaired by fractional transplantation of the above-mentioned tissue flaps. The size of a single harvested tissue flap ranged from 15.0 cm×5.0 cm to 45.0 cm×25.0 cm. The arterial and venous anastomoses were added as the circumstances might require to improve tissue flap circulation. The wounds in the flap donor sites were sutured directly or repaired by split-thickness skin grafts from head. The general condition of patients during treatment was recorded. After surgery, the survival of tissue flaps, the healing of wounds in the recipient sites, limb salvage, the healing of wounds in the flap donor sites, and the survival of skin grafts were observed. The healing of wounds in the recipient sites was observed during follow-up. At the last follow-up, the upper limb function after successful limb salvage was evaluated by the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Disability Scoring Scale, the weight-bearing walking ability of patients with successful lower limb salvage was evaluated by the Holden walking ability classification, and the patient's satisfaction with the efficacy was assessed by 5-grade Likert scale. Results During treatment, one case with electrical burn of the head suffered from aggravated cerebral edema, cerebral hernia and coma recurred. After dehydration, hormone therapy, and so on, the patient recovered and incomplete hemiplegia on the right limb was left. The shock symptoms of 4 patients got worse, which were gradually controlled after anti-shock with fluid supplement and colloid injection. One patient developed hemorrhagic shock after tissue flap transplantation, which was corrected by fluid infusion and red blood cell suspension transfusion. Vascular crisis occurred in 3 tissue flaps after surgery, of which 2 survived and 1 eventually became necrotic after exploration. Partial necrosis occurred in 2 tissue flaps and slight necrosis occurred at the edge of 5 tissue flaps, which all healed after tissue flap trimming, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and skin grafting treatment. All the other tissue flaps survived. There were 12 recipient wounds with residual necrotic tissue after surgery, which healed after debridement, VSD, and skin grafting treatment. The remaining 41 wounds healed well. Among the 40 limb wounds of 39 patients, 5 patients had 3 upper limb and 2 lower limb amputations. The remaining 35 limbs of 34 patients were successfully salvaged. The donor site wounds healed well, and the skin grafts survived well. During the follow-up of 6 to 52 months, all the head, face, neck, and trunk wounds were well repaired. The fester recurred in 7 limb wounds 3 to 9 months after surgery and healed after debridement, drainage, and tissue flap repair. At the last follow-up, the functional scores of 22 upper limbs after successful limb salvage ranged from 0 to 100 (with an average of 50), and the Holden walking ability classification of 12 patients with 13 lower limbs after successful limb salvage was level Ⅴ in 8 cases, level Ⅳ in 2 cases, and level Ⅲ in 2 cases. The patients were very satisfied with the efficacy in 33 cases, relatively satisfied in 12 cases, and not quite satisfied in 6 cases. Conclusions Systematic evaluation and treatment of the whole body condition, choosing the appropriate repair time, and using appropriate tissue flaps to repair massive destructive burn wounds will help ensure the safety of treatment, improve the repair effect, and reduce the injury of donor sites, thus optimizing the repair effect.
- Burns, electric,
- Soft tissue injuries,
- Surgical flaps,
- Myocutaneous flap,
- Perforator flap,
- Microsurgery,
- Arteriovenous anastomosis,
- Reconstructive surgical procedures

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