Progress in treatment of refractory wound and its challenges we are facing

Till now, though great progress has been made in the treatment of refractory wound, severe challenges are still awaiting to be solved. The strategy of treatment is generally either non-surgical treatment or surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment includes physical therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, growth factor therapy, stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, application of new biological dressing, application of skin tissue engineering, three-dimensional bio-printing technology, biological therapy, and Chinese herbal medicine therapy. Surgical treatment mainly includes skin graft transplantation and a variety of skin flap transplantation. To my mind, comprehensive therapy with concept of precision treatment strategy should be advocated for treatment of refractory wound.