Objective To study the quality of life and its influencing factors of patients with deep partial-thickness and above burns on head and face at discharge, and to guide clinical nurses to provide targeted nursing for patients.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 42 patients with deep partial-thickness and above burns on head and face who met the inclusion criteria. The patients were hospitalized from January 2014 to November 2017 in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of our hospital and were selected by adopting the convenient sampling method. On the day before discharge, the Chinese version of the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale was used to assess the scores in various fields of patients′ quality of life and total scores. The self-designed general situation questionnaire was used to investigate the gender, age, education level, occupation, marital status, cause of injury, and source of expenses of patients, and the scores in various fields of quality of life of patients in various general conditions and total scores were recorded. Data were processed with
t test or one-way analysis of variance. The indicators with statistically significance in the total score difference in the above analysis were chosen, and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to screen the factors influencing the quality of life of patients.
Results Totally 42 groups of questionnaires were sent out and 42 groups of valid questionnaires were retrieved. The effective recovery rate was 100%. The total score of quality of life of patients at discharge was (49±10) points. The scores of general health status (57±23) points, social relations (56±18) points, physical function (49±17) points, and mental health (41±20) points were ranked from high to low. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of physical function, mental health, and general health status among patients of different age groups (
F=8.115, 14.182, 19.285,
P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health, social relations, and general health status among patients with different educational levels (
F=3.312, 51.176, 21.852,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health and general health status among patients with different occupations (
F=3.667, 2.947,
P<0.05). The scores of mental health and social relations of married patients were significantly higher than those of unmarried patients (
t=27.096, 4.885,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of physical function, mental health, social relations, general health status of patients with different causes of injury (
F=3.000, 5.438, 4.005, 9.125,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health and general health status of patients with different sources of expenses (
F=10.456, 3.368,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01). The total scores of quality of life of patients with different gender and causes of injury were similar (
t=0.407,
F=1.145,
P>0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the total scores of quality of life of patients of different age groups, with different education levels, occupations, sources of expenses, and marital status (
F=2.947, 17.064, 9.324, 4.101,
t=7.225,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, education level, occupation, marital status, and source of expenses were the factors influencing the quality of life of patients at discharge (
t=-2.437, 8.037, -2.994, 5.016, 3.519,
P<0.05 or
P<0.01).
Conclusions The quality of life of patients with deep partial-thickness and above burns on head and face is at a low level at discharge. The influencing factors include age, education level, occupation, marital status, and source of expenses. Nurses should screen the relevant items when the patient is hospitalized. Emphasis should be laid on young, with undergraduate and above education, unmarried, self-funded patients, and those engaged in occupations with high facial requirements, to minimize the negative mood of patients, encourage them to face life, choose the right career, and improve their quality of life.
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