Advances in the research of application of immune modulation of phage in treatment of sepsis

Phages are traditionally deemed to lyse host bacteria, while new evidences have convinced their immunomodulation effects in metazoan hosts during period of anti-infection treatment. For sepsis induced by bacteria, phage therapy has attracted widespread attention of researchers at home and abroad for its lytic and immunoregulation functions. Clinical and basic researches in mechanism, usage, dosage, and safety of phages in China are inadequate and urgent to be carried out in depth and strengthened. Here we review overall anti-inflammation functions of phages in the treatment of sepsis, influence of phages in human immune cells, and clinical advances in present researches of phage therapy for sepsis.