Abstract: Objective To investigate the application effects of self-made simple vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) device in the postoperative treatment of sural neurocutaneous flap transplantation in the foot and ankle. Methods From January 2017 to January 2019, 36 patients with foot and ankle skin defects and bone exposure admitted to People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region met the inclusion criteria, and a retrospective cohort study was conducted. According to the bandaging method of the operative area, simple negative pressure group and antibacterial dressing group were both allocated with 18 patients, with 12 males and 6 females in the former group, 14 males and 4 females in the latter group, aged (41.6±2.8) and (42.3±2.6) years, respectively. Patients in the two groups all received sural neurocutaneous flap transplantation. Patients in antibacterial dressing group received nano silver antibacterial dressing change in the operative area, and the dressing was changed once every 3 days. In simple negative pressure group, the operative area was sealed with a simple VSD device made of gauze, silicone sputum suction tube with holes cut out, and biological permeable membrane, etc., which was connected with the wall central negative pressure suction system for continuous VSD treatment of -40.0 to -16.6 kPa. The negative pressure material was changed once every 5 days. The number of dressing change, the pain score evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale during each dressing change, the cost of dressing change, and the degree of flap swelling evaluated on the 3rd and 5th day after surgery were recorded, and the flap survival was observed. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and chi-square test. Results The number of dressing change of patients in simple negative pressure group was (3.4±0.5) times, which was significantly less than (7.0±0.8) times in antibacterial dressing group (t=15.338, P<0.01). The pain score during dressing change of patients in simple negative pressure group was (4.3±0.8) points, which was significantly lower than (6.8±0.7) points in antibacterial dressing group (t=10.168, P<0.01). The cost of dressing change of patients was similar between the two groups. On the 3rd and 5th day after surgery, the degrees of flap swelling of patients in simple negative pressure group were significantly superior to those in antibacterial dressing group (Z=4.448, 2.395, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The flap survival of patients in simple negative pressure group was significantly superior to that in antibacterial dressing group (χ²=4.500, P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with the traditional dressing bandage, the self-made simple VSD device used after sural neurocutaneous flap transplantation can reduce the frequency of dressing change, relieve the pain of dressing change and the swelling of flap, and promote the flap survival, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.