Research advances on the development and application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein system
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摘要:
成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白基因(CRISPR/Cas)系统,作为一种新兴的基因编辑系统,根据Cas蛋白的数量可分为一类系统和二类系统。二类系统中的CRISPR/Cas9仅借助Cas9蛋白和单链向导RNA即可对目标核酸进行切割,是目前应用最为广泛的CRISPR/Cas系统。除了基因编辑在遗传病治疗中的应用,CRISPR/Cas系统衍生出的多种技术在疾病相关基因的筛查、基因表达调控、病原微生物的快速检测和防治等领域也展现了巨大的应用前景。本文就CRISPR/Cas系统的发现历程及其衍生的几个主要技术的应用进行总结,旨在为生命科学领域研究人员提供参考。
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关键词:
- 基因 /
- 成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白基因系统 /
- 基因编辑 /
- 衍生技术
Abstract:Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein system, as an emerging gene editing system, can be divided into class 1 and class 2 systems according to the number of Cas protein. The CRISPR/Cas9 in class 2 system can cleave target nucleic acid only with the help of Cas9 protein and single-stranded guide RNA, which is currently the most widely used CRISPR/Cas system. In addition to gene editing in the treatment of genetic diseases, a variety of CRISPR/Cas system derived technologies have vast application prospect in the fields of disease-related gene screening, gene expression regulation, and rapid detection, prevention, and control of pathogens. This article summarizes the discovery process of CRISPR/Cas system and applications of several major CRISPR/Cas derived technologies, aiming to provide a reference for researchers in the field of life science.
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