The mechanisms of burn/trauma related infection are complicated, involving uncontrolled inflammation, immune disorder, coagulation abnormality, and pathophysiological changes of multiple systems or organs. Although active management of primary diseases, application of antibiotics, and organ support treatment are the basis for the management of burn/trauma related infection, immune modulation opens up a new direction for the intervention of burn/trauma related infection and the relevant complications. In-depth understanding of inflammation-immune response and its regulatory mechanisms, and exploring new early warning biomarkers and immune interventional strategies are of great significance for improving the level of treatment of clinical burn/trauma related infections and improving the prognosis of patients.