Epidemiological investigation and analysis of etiological characteristics of infection on 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns
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摘要:
目的 分析住院烧伤患儿临床流行病学特征及其感染的病原菌分布特点。 方法 采用横断面调查，分析2012年1月—2020年12月陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）第一附属医院全军烧伤研究所收治的符合入选标准的3 067例住院烧伤患儿病历资料，包括患儿性别、年龄、致伤因素、烧伤部位、烧伤严重程度、烧伤季节分布及其感染病原菌的类型分布、组织/体液来源及其耐药情况。采用API细菌鉴定卡和全自动微生物鉴定仪鉴定病原菌种类，采用最低抑菌浓度法和纸片扩散法检测前述检出率排前3位病原菌的药物敏感性。采用WHONET 5.6统计软件对数据进行分析。 结果 3 067例住院烧伤患儿中男1 768例、女1 299例。>1岁且≤4岁的患儿最多，占72.9%（2 236/3 067）；>8岁且≤12岁的患儿最少，占4.9%（150/3 067）。患儿以中度烧伤和重度烧伤为主，二者占比接近。患儿烧伤的主要原因为烫伤，占81.6%（2 504/3 067）。患儿的3 274个烧伤部位中以四肢最为常见。冬季烧伤患儿最多，占29.4%（903/3 067）。共收集到患儿感染的病原菌1 018株，均为非重复首次分离株；构成比居前5位的病原菌依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌；金黄色葡萄球菌的构成比每年均居于首位。分离出的病原菌主要来源于创面分泌物，占81.34%（828/1 018）。2012—2020年，均未见对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌；2019年，所检出的金黄色葡萄球菌对大环内酯类、青霉素类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率均为100%。铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素B的耐药率均为0。鲍曼不动杆菌对大部分抗生素具有高耐药率。 结论 2012年1月—2020年12月陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）第一附属医院全军烧伤研究所收治的住院烧伤患儿主要为>1岁且≤4岁的中重度烧伤男性患儿，烫伤是其主要的致伤原因，四肢为常见烧伤部位，冬季烧伤患儿最多。烧伤患儿感染的主要病原菌是来自于创面分泌物的金黄色葡萄球菌。
Abstract:Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of infection on 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, and explore the prevention and treatment strategy of pediatric burns. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. An analysis was performed on the data of 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from January 2012 to December 2020, including gender, age, causative factors, locations and severities of burns, seasons of accidents, and the type, source of tissue or body fluid, and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. API bacterial identification batten and automatic microbial identification system were applied for pathogen identification. Drug sensitivities of top 3 consistent ratio pathogen identifed were tested with minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion method. WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the data. Results There were 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, including 1 768 boys and 1 299 girls. The majority of pediatric burn patients were >1 and ≤4 years, accounting for 72.9% (2 236/3 067), and the minority of pediatric burn patients were >8 and ≤12 years, accounting for 4.9% (150/3 067). Moderate burns and severe burns of pediatric burn patients accounted for the majority parts, and the proportions of the two were close. The top cause of pediatric burns was scald, accounting for 81.6% (2504/3 067). Extremities were the most common burn sites in that of entire 3 254. The most pediatric burns occurred in winter, accounting for 29.4% (903/3 067). A total of 1 018 strains of pathogenic bacteria were collected from pediatric burn patients, all of which were non-repeated isolates. The pathogens with top five consistent ratio were
Staphylococcus aureus ,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,
Acinetobacter baumannii ,
Enterobacter cloacae , and
Escherichia coli , among which
Staphylococcus aureus ranked the first every year. The pathogens were mainly isolated from the wound exudate, accounting for 81.34% (828/1 018).
Staphylococcus aureus from 2012 to 2020 showed no resistance to vancomycin, linezolid or teicoplanin while
Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 2019 was 100% resistant to macrolides, penicillin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not resistant to polymyxin B.
Acinetobacter baumannii showed a high rate of drug resistance to most antibiotics. Conclusions Among the pediatric burn patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from 2012 to 2020, the majority are male children aged >1 and ≤4 years with moderate burns. Scalds are the leading cause; and extremities are the common burn sites; and the most pediatric burns occurre in winter.
Staphylococcus aureus from wound exudate is the primary pathogen of burn wound infections in pediatric patients.
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Key words:
- Burns /
- Child /
- Infection /
- Epidemiology
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