烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力现状的横断面调查及影响因素分析

蒋琦琦; 张寅; 乔亮; 查庆华; 解琳; 骆智臻

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210318-00092

烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力现状的横断面调查及影响因素分析

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210318-00092

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院灼伤整形科，上海　　200025

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 81272112

上海交通大学医学院公共卫生事件应急处置“护理预备队”实训基地建设项目 GWV-5-TB001

上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院护理部院级课题 RJHK-2020-28

详细信息

通讯作者:
张寅，Email：zy20743@rjh.com.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-18

A cross-sectional survey and analysis of influencing factors of humanistic of the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81272112

Training Base Construction Project of "Nursing Reserve Team" for Emergency Response to Public Health Events in Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University GWV-5-TB001

Academy-level Project of Nursing Department of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine RJHK-2020-28

More Information

Corresponding author: Zhang Yin, Email: zy20743@rjh.com.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的调查烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用单中心横断面调查研究方法。2020年5—8月，选择上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院符合入选标准的63名烧伤专科护士，采用自制一般资料调查问卷调查其性别、年龄、职称、工作年限、是否接受过人文关怀培训、学历等17个指标，采用关怀能力量表（CAI）评估其人文关怀能力。将护士按一般资料分类后，统计CAI总得分，对数据行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析。将护士的CAI总得分及认知、勇气和耐心维度得分与国际常模进行比较。选取单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标行多元线性回归分析，筛选烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的独立影响因素。结果本次调查共回收问卷63份，均有效。63名护士中男4名、女59名，年龄以20~30岁为主（30名，占47.62%），职称以护师为主（36名，占57.14%），工作年限多>10年（28名，占44.44%），32名护士未接受过人文关怀培训，学历多为大学专科（37名，占58.73%）。不同年龄、职称、工作年限、接受过人文关怀培训、学历护士的CAI总得分差异明显（F值分别为53.95、49.14、75.42，t值分别为6.08、-2.82，P<0.01）。本组护士CAI认知、勇气、耐心维度得分和总得分均明显低于国际常模（t值分别为-2.02、-2.04、-6.19、-3.89，P<0.05或P<0.01）。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、工作年限、职称、是否接受过人文关怀培训是烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力的独立影响因素（95%置信区间分别为1.91~23.23、16.25~31.48、1.05~19.09、6.72~31.82，非标准化回归系数分别为12.57、23.86、10.07、19.27，P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力较弱。烧伤专科护士的年龄、职称、工作年限、是否接受过人文关怀培训是其人文关怀能力的独立影响因素。
- 烧伤 /
- 护理研究 /
- 影响因素分析 /
- 人文关怀能力
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A single-center cross-sectional research method was conducted. From May to August 2020, 63 burn specialist nurses who met the inclusion criteria in Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected. Self-made general data questionnaire was used to investigate 17 indexes, including gender, age, professional title, working years, whether received humanistic care training, academic qualification, and caring ability inventory (CAI) was used to evaluate their humanistic care ability. After the nurses were classified by the general data, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed on the data to analyze the total score of CAI. The CAI total scores and scores of cognition, courage, and patience of the nurses were compared with the international norm. The factors with statistically significant differences in unvariate analysis were selected for multiple linear regression analysis to screen the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses. Results A total of 63 questionnaires were collected in this survey, all of which were valid. Among the 63 nurses, there were 4 males and 59 females, with the age mainly ranging from 20 to 30 years (30 nurses, 47.62%), the professional titles mainly being nurse practitioner (36 nurses, 57.14%), the working years mainly being more than 10 years (28 nurses, 44.44%), 32 nurses not receiving humanistic care training, and academic qualifications mostly being junior college (37 nurses, 58.73%). There were significant differences in the total scores of CAI among nurses with different ages, professional titles, working years, whether received humanistic care training, and academic qualifications (with F values of 53.95, 49.14, and 75.42, t values of 6.08 and -2.82, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of cognition, courage, and patience and the total scores of CAI of nurses in this group were significantly lower than those of international norm (with t values of -2.02, -2.04, -6.19, and -3.89, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, working years, professional title, and whether received humanistic care training were the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses (with 95% confidence intervals of 1.91-23.23, 16.25-31.48, 1.05-19.09, and 6.72-31.82, unstandardized coefficient values of 12.57, 23.86, 10.07, and 19.27, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses is relatively weak. Age, professional title, working years, and whether received humanistic care training are the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses.
- Burns /
- Nursing research /
- Root cause analysis /
- Humanistic care ability
蒋琦琦：酝酿和设计研究、实施研究及撰写论文；张寅：酝酿和设计研究、修改论文；乔亮、查庆华：指导研究、修改论文；解琳：分析/解释数据；骆智臻：实施研究、采集数据

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表1 63名烧伤专科护士不同一般资料分类下关怀能力量表总得分的单因素分析

项目与类别	人数	构成比（%）	总得分（分，x¯±s）	统计量值	P值
性别
男	4	6.35	173±6	t=1.96	0.055
女	59	93.65	200±27	t=1.96	0.055
年龄（岁）
20~30	30	47.62	178±20	F=53.95	<0.001
31~40	26	41.27	210±12
41~55	7	11.11	241±16
职称
护士	20	31.75	172±17	F=49.14	<0.001
护师	36	57.14	205±17
主管护师	7	11.11	241±16
工作年限（年）
<3	17	26.98	165±8	F=75.42	<0.001
3~10	18	28.57	196±14
>10	28	44.44	220±18
是否接受过人文关怀培训
是	31	49.21	215±24	t=6.08	<0.001
否	32	50.79	182±19	t=6.08	<0.001
学历
大学专科	37	58.73	191±26	t=-2.82	0.006
大学本科	26	41.27	209±26	t=-2.82	0.006
婚姻状况
未婚	24	38.10	193±24	t=1.22	0.226
已婚	39	61.90	202±29	t=1.22	0.226
是否独生子女
是	55	87.30	196±24	t=-1.46	0.149
否	8	12.70	211±42	t=-1.46	0.149
政治面貌
党员	5	7.94	207±5	F=2.91	0.062
团员	25	39.68	188±28
群众	33	52.38	204±27
是否担任过班干部
是	39	61.90	199±26	t=0.78	0.938
否	24	38.10	198±29	t=0.78	0.938
和父母的关系
亲密	61	96.83	199±27	t=0.94	0.349
不亲密	2	3.17	181±32	t=0.94	0.349
和家人通电话频率
每天1次	44	69.84	198±28	F=0.05	0.955
2~5 d 1次	12	19.05	200±19
>5 d 1次	7	11.11	197±37
有无住院经历
有	15	23.81	197±26	t=-0.26	0.800
无	48	76.19	199±28	t=-0.26	0.800
医院开展人文培训情况
很多	7	11.11	198±20	F=0.10	0.907
多	8	12.70	194±35
一般	48	76.19	199±27
科室人文关怀气氛
很好	10	15.87	197±28	F=0.41	0.668
好	13	20.63	193±24
一般	40	63.49	200±28
与同事的关系
很好	25	39.68	191±24	F=1.97	0.148
好	32	50.79	202±28
一般	6	9.52	210±34
是否热爱护理事业
热爱	58	92.06	198±27	t=-0.18	0.858
不热爱	5	7.94	200±28	t=-0.18	0.858

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表2 63名烧伤专科护士关怀能力量表得分与国际常模比较（分，x¯±s）

对象	人数	认知维度	勇气维度	耐心维度	总得分
烧伤科	63	78±8	65±13	55±10	198±27
护士	63	78±8	65±13	55±10	198±27
国际常模	1 388	80±8	68±12	63±5	212±23
t值		-2.02	-2.04	-6.19	-3.89
P值		0.047	0.045	<0.001	<0.001

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表3 63名烧伤专科护士人文关怀能力独立影响因素的多元线性回归分析

影响因素	标准回归系数	非标准化回归系数	标准误	95%置信区间	t值	P值
年龄（岁）	0.32	12.57	5.32	1.91~23.23	2.36	0.022
工作年限（年）	0.74	23.86	3.80	16.25~31.48	6.28	<0.001
职称	0.23	10.07	4.51	1.05~19.09	2.24	0.029
是否接受过人文关怀培训	0.36	19.27	6.27	6.72~31.82	3.07	0.003
学历	-0.03	-1.64	3.71	-9.07~5.80	-0.44	0.661

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