A prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of compound analgesia in ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment of post-burn hypertrophic scars in children
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摘要:
目的 探讨复合镇痛在超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光（UFCL）治疗小儿烧伤后增生性瘢痕中的应用效果。 方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法。2018年4月—2020年3月，将空军军医大学第一附属医院收治的169例烧伤后增生性瘢痕患儿按照随机数字表法分为单纯全身麻醉组［39例，男19例、女20例，年龄35（21，48）个月］、全身麻醉+利多卡因组［41例，男23例、女18例，年龄42（22，68）个月］、全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组［41例，男25例、女16例，年龄38（26，52）个月］以及应用全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓的三联用药组［48例，男25例、女23例，年龄42（25，60）个月］，各组患儿在行UFCL治疗瘢痕时分别采用对应的镇痛方案，并针对患儿治疗过程进行全程综合护理。分别于首次麻醉清醒后0（即刻）、1、2、4 h，采用儿童疼痛行为量表FLACC对患儿瘢痕进行疼痛程度评估。首次麻醉清醒后4 h疼痛评估结束后，采用自制的镇痛满意度调查表对患儿或其家属对镇痛效果的满意度进行评估并计算满意率。首次术后2 h内，观察并记录患儿不良反应，如恶心呕吐、头痛头晕、嗜睡等发生情况。首次治疗前和末次治疗结束后1个月，选用温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS）对患儿瘢痕情况进行评估并计算两者的差值。对数据行LSD检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法检验。 结果 首次麻醉清醒0 h，全身麻醉+利多卡因组、全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组和三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分均明显低于单纯全身麻醉组（P<0.01），全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组和三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分均明显低于全身麻醉+利多卡因组（P<0.01），三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分明显低于全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组（P<0.01）。首次麻醉清醒1、2 h，全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组和三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分均明显低于单纯全身麻醉组和全身麻醉+利多卡因组（P<0.01），三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分明显低于全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组（P<0.01）。麻醉首次清醒4 h，全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组和三联用药组患儿的FLACC评分均明显低于单纯全身麻醉组和全身麻醉+利多卡因组（P<0.01）。首次麻醉清醒后4 h，4组患儿或其家属对镇痛效果的满意率分别为79.49%（31/39）、85.37%（35/41）、87.80%（36/41）、97.92%（47/48），三联用药组患儿的满意率高于单纯全身麻醉组、全身麻醉+利多卡因组、全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组。麻醉清醒后术后2 h内，4组患儿恶心呕吐、头痛头晕、嗜睡等不良反应发生情况总体比较，均无明显差异（P>0.05）。4组患儿首次治疗前、末次治疗结束后1个月瘢痕的VSS评分及两者差值的组间总体比较，均无明显差异（P>0.05）。 结论 在UFCL治疗小儿增生性瘢痕中进行三联用药镇痛的效果良好，患儿或其家属对镇痛效果的满意度高，且治疗效果及不良反应发生率与其他镇痛方案类似，推荐临床中推广使用。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of compound analgesia on ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser (UFCL) treatment of post-burn hypertrophic s in children. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. From April 2018 to March 2020, 169 pediatric patients with post-burn hypertrophic s admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were randomly divided into general anesthesia alone group (39 cases, 19 males and 20 females, aged 35 (21, 48) months), general anesthesia+lidocaine group (41 cases, 23 males and 18 females, aged 42 (22, 68) months), general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (41 cases, 25 males and 16 females, aged 38 (26, 52) months), and three-drug combination group with general anesthesia + lidocaine+ibuprofen suppository (48 cases, 25 males and 23 females, aged 42 (25, 60) months), and the pediatric patients in each group were treated with corresponding analgesic regimens when UFCL was used to treat s, and the pediatric patients were given comprehensive care throughout the treatment process. The pain degree of pediatric patients scar was evaluated by facial expression,legs,activity,cry,and consolability (FLACC) of children's pain behavior scale at 0 (immediately), 1, 2, and 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, respectively. At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia of postoperative pain assessment, the self-made analgesia satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the satisfaction for the analgesic effect of the pediatric patients or their families, and the satisfaction rate was calculated. Within 2 h after the first operation, the occurrences of adverse reactions of the pediatric patients, such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, etc, were observed and recorded. Before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the pediatric patients scar, and the difference value between the two was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with least significant difference test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test. Results At 0 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group (P<0.01). The FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 1 and 2 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were both significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the satisfactions rate with the analgesic effect in the four groups of pediatric patients or their families were 79.49% (31/39), 85.37% (35/41), 87.80% (36/41), and 97.92% (47/48), respectively. The satisfaction rate of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly higher than those in general anesthesia alone group, general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group. Within 2 h after the first operation, there was no significant difference in the overall comparison of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness of pediatric patients among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The VSS scores of pediatric patients before the first treatment, 1 month after the last treatment, and and the difference value between the two in the 4 groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions Three-drug combination for analgesia has a good effect in the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burn in pediatric patients with UFCL. Pediatric patients or their families are highly satisfied with the effect, and the treatment effect and incidence of adverse reactions are similar to other analgesic regimens, so it is recommended to be promoted in clinical practice. -
Key words:
- Cicatrix /
- Pain /
- Laser therapy /
- Perioperative care /
- Ibuprofen /
- Compound analgesia
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参考文献
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表1 行超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧烫伤瘢痕的4组患儿一般资料比较
组别 例数 性别（例） 年龄［个月，M（Q1，Q3）］ 体重［kg，M（Q1，Q3）］ 瘢痕面积［%TBSA，M（Q1，Q3）］ 瘢痕形成时间［d，M（Q1，Q3）］ 手术时长［min，M（Q1，Q3）］ 居住环境［例（%）］ 男 女 城市 农村 单纯全身麻醉组 39 19 20 35（21，48） 16.0（10.0，22.0） 15.0（12.0，18.0） 47（25，67） 25（22，29） 16（41.0） 23（59.0） 全身麻醉+利多卡因组 41 23 18 42（22，68） 16.0（11.5，20.0） 15.0（12.0，18.0） 52（30，71） 25（22，27） 22（53.7） 19（46.3） 全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组 41 25 16 38（26，52） 14.0（11.0，19.5） 15.0（12.0，18.0） 61（47，80） 25（23，28） 24（58.5） 17（41.5） 三联用药组 48 25 23 42（25，60） 16.0（12.0，22.0） 16.0（12.0，17.8） 53（32，70） 24（22，28） 22（45.8） 26（54.2） 统计量值 χ2=1.37 H=4.27 H=2.42 H=1.13 H=7.57 H=0.98 χ2=3.77 P值 0.712 0.234 0.489 0.771 0.056 0.807 0.287 注：TBSA为体表总面积；三联用药指全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓 
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表2 行超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的4组患儿麻醉清醒后不同时间点的儿童疼痛行为量表评分比较［分，M（Q1，Q3）］
组别 例数 0 h（即刻） 1 h 2 h 4 h 单纯全身麻醉组 39 9（8，9） 8（7，8） 6（5，6） 3（2，4） 全身麻醉+利多卡因组 41 6（5，7）a 7（6，8） 5（4，6） 3（2，3） 全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组 41 5（5，6）a 3（2，3）ab 1（1，2）ab 0（0，1）ab 三联用药组 48 2（2，3）abc 2（1，2）abc 0（0，0）abc 0（0，0）ab F值 138.02 134.02 136.57 128.78 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注：三联用药指全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓；与单纯全身麻醉组比较，aP<0.01;与全身麻醉+利多卡因组比较，bP<0.01;与全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组比较，cP<0.01
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表3 行超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的4组患儿或其家属对镇痛的满意度（例）
组别 例数 非常满意 满意 不满意 单纯全身麻醉组 39 18 13 8 全身麻醉+利多卡因组 41 25 10 6 全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组 41 28 8 5 三联用药组 48 40 7 1 注：三联用药指全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓
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表4 行超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的4组患儿术后2 h内不良反应发生情况（例）
组别 例数 恶心呕吐 头痛头晕 嗜睡 面色潮红 水疱 皮肤局部红肿 尿潴留 呼吸抑制 红斑/紫癜 单纯全身麻醉组 39 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 全身麻醉+利多卡因组 41 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组 41 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 三联用药组 48 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 注：三联用药指全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓
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表5 行超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的4组患儿治疗前后温哥华瘢痕量表评分及两者差值比较（分，
组别 例数 首次治疗前 末次治疗后1个月 治疗前后评分的差值 单纯全身麻醉组 39 8.0±1.3 4.0±1.5 4.0±1.1 全身麻醉+利多卡因组 41 7.9±1.3 4.0±1.8 3.9±1.3 全身麻醉+布洛芬栓组 41 7.8±1.5 4.1±1.9 3.7±0.9 三联用药组 48 8.0±1.5 4.3±1.8 3.7±1.2 F值 0.15 0.24 0.59 P值 0.932 0.872 0.624 注：三联用药指全身麻醉+利多卡因+布洛芬栓
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