Management strategy of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds
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摘要:
目的 探讨股动脉假性动脉瘤合并感染创面的手术处理方式，并评价其临床效果。 方法 采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2014年10月—2022年9月，南京中医药大学无锡市中西医结合医院（江南大学附属医院）收治12例符合入选标准的股动脉假性动脉瘤合并感染创面患者，其中男6例、女6例，年龄46~78岁。Ⅰ期手术行清创、瘤体切除、动脉缝合/静脉移植修补动脉/动脉结扎，瘤体切除后创面面积4.0 cm×1.5 cm~12.0 cm×6.5 cm。对可缝合的创面行减张缝合及皮外持续负压封闭引流（VSD）治疗；较大无法缝合的创面予持续VSD治疗控制感染。Ⅱ期对可缝合的创面行减张缝合；较大创面采用邻近易位皮瓣（面积9.0 cm×5.0 cm~15.0 cm×7.0 cm）修复，对于裸露股动脉长度≥3.0 cm者，另切取股直肌肌瓣（长度15.0~18.0 cm）修复，供区均直接缝合；对动脉结扎的创面予邮票皮移植+持续VSD治疗。记录入院时创面分泌物标本细菌培养结果；记录Ⅰ期术中出血量、股动脉破口位置、动脉处理及创面修复方式，术后置管灌洗天数、置管引流天数、VSD治疗天数及引流量；Ⅱ期创面修复方式，术后置管引流天数、VSD治疗天数及引流量。观察术后皮瓣/肌瓣/邮票皮成活情况，记录创面愈合时间。出院后随访，评估创面愈合质量、行走功能、搏动性肿物是否消失；复查B超或CT血管造影（CTA），观察有无假性动脉瘤复发、股动脉血流是否通畅。 结果 入院时所有患者创面分泌物标本细菌培养结果均为阳性。Ⅰ期术中出血量150~750 mL；术中见动脉破口位于股动脉者8例、髂外动脉者2例、股动静脉瘘者2例；动脉经直接缝合者6例、自体大隐静脉修补者4例、自体大隐静脉桥接者1例、结扎者1例。4例患者创面Ⅰ期缝合，术后置管灌洗3~5 d，置管引流4~6 d，VSD治疗5~7 d，引流量80~450 mL。Ⅱ期手术：3例患者创面直接缝合，置管引流2~3 d；1例患者创面取头部邮票皮移植及VSD治疗5 d；2例患者创面采用邻近易位皮瓣修复，置管引流2~3 d；2例患者创面采用股直肌肌瓣加邻近易位皮瓣修复，置管引流3~5 d。Ⅱ期术后引流量为150~400 mL。术后皮瓣/肌瓣/邮票皮均成活，Ⅰ期手术后创面愈合时间为15~36 d。出院后随访2~8个月，所有患者创面愈合良好。1例股动脉结扎患者，足缺血坏死行小腿截肢，其余患者恢复正常行走功能。所有患者腹股沟区搏动性肿物消失。6例患者复查B超或CTA显示股动脉血流通畅，无假性动脉瘤复发。 结论 股动脉假性动脉瘤合并感染创面尽早行清创、瘤体切除、个体化动脉处理，并根据创面状况选择合适引流方式及个体化修复策略，可获得良好的修复效果。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the surgical treatment methods of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds and to evaluate the clinical effects. Methods The retrospective observational research method was used. Twelve patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infectious wounds who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Wuxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University) from October 2014 to September 2022, including 6 males and 6 females, aged from 46 to 78 years. In the primary operation, debridement, tumor resection, and artery suture/venous grafting to repair the artery/artery ligation were performed, and the wound area after tumor resection ranged from 4.0 cm×1.5 cm to 12.0 cm×6.5 cm. Wounds that could be sutured were treated with tension reduction suture and extracutaneous continuous vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), while large wounds that could not be sutured were treated with VSD to control infection. In the secondary operation, tension reduction suture was performed to repair the wounds that could be sutured; large wounds were repaired with adjacent translocated flaps with area of 9.0 cm×5.0 cm to 15.0 cm×7.0 cm. Additionally, when the length of the exposed femoral artery was equal to or over 3.0 cm, the wounds were repaired with additional rectus femoris muscle flap with length of 15.0 to 18.0 cm. The donor areas of the flaps were directly sutured. The wound with artery ligation was treated with stamp skin grafting and continuous VSD. The bacterial culture results of the wound exudate samples on admission were recorded. The intraoperative blood loss, the location of femoral artery rupture, the artery treatment method, and the wound repair method in the primary operation were recorded, and the durations of catheter lavage, catheter drainage, and VSD treatment, and the drainage volume after the operation were recorded. The repair method of wounds in the secondary operation, the durations of catheter drainage and VSD treatment, and the total drainage volume after the operation were recorded. The survivals of flap/muscle flap/stamp skin grafts were observed, and the wound healing time was recorded. Follow-up after discharge was performed to evaluate the quality of wound healing and the walking function and to check whether the pulsatile mass disappeared. B-ultrasound or computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed again to observe potential pseudoaneurysm recurrence and evaluate the patency of blood flow of the femoral artery. Results The bacterial culture results of wound exudate samples of all the patients were positive on admission. The blood loss was 150 to 750 mL in the primary operation. The arterial ruptures were located in the femoral artery in 8 cases, in the external iliac artery in 2 cases, and in the femoral arteriovenous fistula in 2 cases. Six cases received direct artery suture, 4 cases received autologous great saphenous vein grafting to repair the artery, 1 case received autologous great saphenous vein bypass surgery, and 1 case received artery ligation. The primary wound suture was performed in 4 cases, along with catheter lavage for 3 to 5 days, catheter drainage for 4 to 6 days, VSD treatment for 5 to 7 days, and a total drainage volume of 80 to 450 mL after the surgery. In the secondary operation, the wounds were sutured directly in 3 cases along with catheter drainage for 2 to 3 days, the wound was repaired with scalp stamp skin graft and VSD treatment for 5 days in 1 case, the wounds were repaired with adjacent translocated flaps in 2 cases with catheter drainage for 2 to 3 days, and the wounds were repaired with rectus femoris muscle flaps+adjacent translocated flaps in 2 cases with catheter drainage for 3 to 5 days . The total drainage volume after the secondary operation ranged from 150 to 400 mL. All the skin flaps/muscle flaps/skin grafts survived after operation. The wound healing time ranged from 15 to 36 days after the primary operation. Follow-up of 2 to 8 months after discharge showed that the wounds of all patients healed well. One patient who underwent femoral artery ligation had calf amputation due to foot ischemic necrosis, and the rest of the patients regained normal walking ability. The pulsatile mass disappeared in inguinal region of all patients. B-ultrasound or CTA re-examination in 6 patients showed that the blood flow of femoral artery had good patency, and there was no pseudoaneurysm recurrence. Conclusions Early debridement, tumor resection, and individualized artery treatment should be performed in patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm combined with infected wounds. Besides, proper drainage and personalized repair strategy should be conducted according to the wound condition to achieve a good outcome. -
Key words:
- Aneurysm, false /
- Femoral artery /
- Infection /
- Vacuum sealing drainage /
- Wound repair
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参考文献
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1 股直肌肌瓣联合邻近易位皮瓣修复患者左侧股动脉假性动脉瘤切除后的感染创面。1A、1B.分别为入院时CT血管造影（CTA）显示的瘤体横断面、矢状面，均可见周围软组织炎性改变；1C.CTA后三维重建动脉瘤体；1D.Ⅰ期瘤体切除、股动脉修补及创面行负压封闭引流治疗6 d后；1E.Ⅱ期手术再次清创后可见裸露长度3.5 cm外膜灰暗的股动脉，予设计邻近易位皮瓣；1F.Ⅱ期术中切取股直肌肌瓣转移覆盖裸露股动脉；1G.皮瓣转移闭合创面，皮瓣下、肌瓣下、供区放置引流管后；1H.出院后3个月随访，皮瓣愈合良好，切口愈合良好；1I.出院后3个月复查CTA显示股动脉血流通畅，假性动脉瘤无复发
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