Abstract: Inhalation injury seriously threatens the survival and quality of life in burn and trauma patients. So far there is no breakthrough in the treatment of inhalation injury. A significant advance has been witnessed in the experimental study of the use of stem cells in the treatment of lung injury in recent years. In this paper, according to the results of our study in the systemic transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inhalation injury, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on anti-inflammatory process and repair of lung tissues in inhalation injury, and its possible mechanisms are reviewed.