Repair of skin and soft tissue defects around the knee joints combined with patellar ligament defects using free anterolateral thigh flaps with iliotibial tracts
-
摘要: 目的 观察应用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复膝关节周围皮肤软组织合并髌韧带缺损的疗效。 方法 2010年6月–2014年6月,笔者单位收治膝关节周围皮肤软组织合并髌韧带缺损患者12例,其中皮肤软组织缺损范围为7 cm×6 cm~16 cm×12 cm,髌韧带缺失长度为5~12 cm、宽度为2.5~4.0 cm。选用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复创面,术中将切取的髂胫束两端向内折叠为呈腱状的3层结构后,再将其包绕缝合于髌韧带断端以重建髌韧带。皮瓣切取面积为9 cm×8 cm~18 cm×14 cm,髂胫束切取长度为7~14 cm、宽度为8~12 cm。供瓣区取自体大腿或躯干中厚皮移植修复并打包固定。术后即刻应用支具固定膝关节于伸直位6周,术后2周起患侧肢体于伸直位行负重训练,术后6周起行患侧膝关节主动屈伸活动。术前及术后12个月,采用国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表对膝关节周围疼痛程度、膝关节功能进行评估;同时评价膝关节屈曲度及伸直度。术后6~12个月,采用彩色多普勒超声评价膝关节髌韧带的连续性。术后12个月内观察患者有无出现手术相关并发症。 结果 (1)术后皮瓣均存活良好,创面愈合良好。(2)膝关节周围疼痛平均分从术前31分提高至术后12个月的77分;膝关节功能平均分从术前14分提高至术后12个月的65分;膝关节平均屈曲度从术前89°增至术后12个月的130°,平均伸直度从术前65°改善为术后12个月的15°。术后6~12个月,彩色多普勒超声检查结果示所有患者重建髌韧带的连续性良好,未行进一步手术干预;移植部位表面感觉有不同程度恢复。术后12个月内,患者均未发生手术相关并发症。 结论 采用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复膝关节周围皮肤软组织合并髌韧带缺损是一种有效、可靠的方法,能较好恢复膝关节功能和外形。Abstract: Objective To observe clinical efficacy of using free anterolateral thigh flaps with iliotibial tracts in repairing skin and soft tissue defects around the knee joints with patellar ligament defects. Methods Twelve patients with skin and soft tissue defects around the knee joints and patellar ligament defects were hospitalized from June 2010 to June 2014. The defects of skin and soft tissue ranged from 7 cm×6 cm to 16 cm×12 cm in area, and patellar ligament ranged from 5 to 12 cm in length and 2.5 to 4.0 cm in width. Free anterolateral thigh flaps with iliotibial tracts were used to repair these defects. During reconstruction of patellar ligament, both ends of iliotibial tract were successively folded to form tendon-like three-layer structure at first, and then the newly formed structure was wrapped around the broken ends of patellar ligament and fixed with suture. The flap size ranged from 9 cm×8 cm to 18 cm×14 cm. The iliotibial tract ranged from 7 to 14 cm in length and 8 to 12 cm in width. The donor sites were closed by grafting with autologous split-thickness skin harvested from thigh or trunk, and parked with gauze. Immediately after operation, the knee joints were fixed in extension with orthosis for 6 weeks. Weight bearing training of affected limbs being kept in extension position was started from 2 weeks after operation, and flexion and extension exercise of affected knee joints was begun from 6 weeks after operation. Before operation and 12 months after operation, the degree of pain around the knee joints and knee joint function were evaluated with the international knee documentation committee knee uation form, and the ranges of flexion and extension of knee joints were also evaluated. The integrity of reconstructed patellar ligament was assessed by color Doppler ultrasound from 6 to 12 months after operation. The occurrence of surgery-related complications was observed in all patients within 12 months after operation. Results (1) After operation, all flaps survived well, and all wounds healed well. (2) The average score of pain around the knee joint was increased from 31 points before operation to 77 points in 12 months after operation. The average score of knee joint function was increased from 14 points before operation to 65 points in 12 months after operation. Before operation, the average ranges of flexion and extension of knee joint were respectively 89° and 65°, and they were respectively increased to 130° and decreased to 15° in 12 months after operation. From 6 to 12 months after operation, color Doppler ultrasound showed that the condition of reconstructive patellar ligaments in all patients was good without the need for further surgical intervention; the superficial sensation of the flaps was recovered in different degrees. No surgery-related complication was observed in all patients within 12 months after operation. Conclusions Free grafting of anterolateral thigh flap with iliotibial tract is an effective and reliable method for repairing skin and soft tissue defects around the knee joints combined with patellar ligament defects, and the surgical procedure can recover function and appearance of knee joint satisfactorily.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 109
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0