Abstract: Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with burn injury in the author′s affiliation, so as to provide theoretical basis for developing prevention strategies of children with burn injury. Methods Medical records of 384 and 596 hospitalized children with burn injury, aged 0 to 12-year-old, were collected respectively from January 2001 to December 2005 and January 2011 to December 2015. Percentage of children with burn injury to total hospitalized patients with burn injury in the same period of time, age, causes of injury, gender, injury month, residence, condition of first aid measures conforming to medical standard, time of admission post injury, burn degree, and operation condition of children with burn injury were analyzed. Data were processed with Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Results From January 2001 to December 2005 and January 2011 to December 2015, percentages of children with burn injury to total hospitalized patients with burn injury in the same period of time were respectively 23.6% (384/1 626) and 25.4% (596/2 346) , with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.653, P>0.05). Age of all children with burn injury was 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) year old from January 2011 to December 2015, obviously lower than that from January 2001 to December 2005[1.0 (1.0, 3.0) year old, Z=-3.257, P<0.01]. Ages of children with burn caused by hot liquid and electrical burn from January 2011 to December 2015 were obviously lower than those from January 2001 to December 2005 (with Z values respectively -4.248 and -2.040, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that from January 2001 to December 2005, age of children with burn caused by flame from January 2011 to December 2015 increased, with no statistically significant difference (Z=1.852, P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in gender of children with burn injury between the two periods of time (χ²=1.374, P>0.05). Burn injury of children in the two periods of time mainly occurred in Spring, and season of burn injury between the two periods of time was similar (χ²=1.177, P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in residence of children with burn injury between the two periods of time (χ²=15.513, P<0.01). The number of children with burn injury of first aid measures conforming to medical standard and admission within 6 h post injury from January 2011 to December 2015 was obviously more than that from January 2001 to December 2005 (with χ² values respectively 7.434 and 43.961, P values below 0.01). Burn degrees of children with burn injury mainly were moderate in the two periods of time, and there was no statistically significant difference in burn degree and condition of operation between the two periods of time (with χ² values respectively 5.731 and 1.583, P values above 0.05). Conclusions Burn of children is a social problem. We should make great efforts on popularization of prevention and treatment about burn of children, especially children with younger age in rural areas. We should publicize standard first aid measures of burn of children and advocate admission of burn of children within 6 h post burn injury for treatment.