Influences of hydrogen-rich saline on acute kidney injury in severely burned rats and mechanism
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摘要: 目的 探讨富氢盐水对大鼠重度烧伤后急性肾损伤的影响并分析相关机制。 方法 将56只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为假伤组8只、烧伤组24只、富氢盐水组24只。假伤组大鼠背部采用温水浴(20 ℃,15 s)模拟致伤,烧伤组和富氢盐水组大鼠背部采用沸水浴法(100 ℃,15 s)致Ⅲ度30%体表总面积的重度烫伤(以下称烧伤)。富氢盐水组大鼠伤后立即一次性腹腔注射富氢盐水10 mL/kg,假伤组和烧伤组大鼠伤后立即注射同等剂量生理盐水。伤后6 h 3组大鼠均按4 mL·kg-1·%TBSA-1腹腔注射乳酸钠林格液进行复苏。假伤组于伤后72 h,烧伤组和富氢盐水组分别于伤后6、24、72 h选取8只大鼠,取腹主动脉血后处死取肾脏组织,行苏木素-伊红染色观察组织病理学情况和进行肾小管损伤评分,临床血生化分析仪测定血肌酐和血尿素氮水平,免疫组织化学法观察肾脏组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6的表达分布,实时荧光定量反转录PCR法检测肾脏组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA表达,蛋白质印迹法检测高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)的蛋白表达。对数据行Kruskal-Wallis
H 检验、Dunn检验、单因素方差分析、Bonferroni检验。 结果 (1)假伤组大鼠伤后72 h肾小管管腔结构完整,无炎性细胞浸润、细胞变形坏死。烧伤组大鼠自伤后6 h肾小管逐步开始出现细胞空泡变形、管腔内碎裂蛋白聚集等损伤变化,并随着时间增加,损伤变化逐步加重。富氢盐水组大鼠肾脏组织伤后各时间点损伤情况较烧伤组同时间点有不同程度的减轻。与假伤组伤后72 h比较,烧伤组、富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h的肾小管损伤评分均明显升高(P <0.05);与烧伤组比较,富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h的肾小管损伤评分均明显下降(P <0.05)。(2)除富氢盐水组伤后6、72 h(P >0.05)外,烧伤组大鼠各时间点和富氢盐水组大鼠余时间点血肌酐水平明显高于假伤组伤后72 h(P <0.01);烧伤组和富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h血尿素氮水平均明显高于假伤组伤后72 h(P <0.01)。富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h血肌酐和血尿素氮水平分别明显低于烧伤组相应时间点(P <0.05)。(3)假伤组大鼠伤后72 h肾脏组织中有一定程度的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6阳性表达,主要集中在肾小管上皮细胞细胞质。烧伤组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h肾脏组织中以上炎症因子的表达较假伤组多。富氢盐水组大鼠伤后各时间点肾脏组织中以上炎症因子的表达较烧伤组相应时间点少。(4)与假伤组伤后72 h比较,烧伤组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA表达均明显增加(P <0.01);富氢盐水组大鼠仅伤后6、24 h的TNF-α mRNA表达增加(P <0.05或P <0.01),伤后6 h的IL-6 mRNA表达增加(P <0.01)。与烧伤组各时间点比较,富氢盐水组大鼠除伤后6 h的TNF-α mRNA表达无明显差异(P >0.05)外,余各时间点的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA表达均明显降低(P <0.05)。(5)与假伤组伤后72 h的0.39±0.03比较,烧伤组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h肾脏组织中HMGB1的蛋白表达(1.19±0.07、1.00±0.06、0.80±0.05)均明显上调(P <0.05),而富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h肾脏组织中HMGB1的蛋白表达(0.35±0.08、0.47±0.06、0.42±0.06)无明显差异(P >0.05)。与烧伤组比较,富氢盐水组大鼠伤后6、24、72 h肾脏组织中HMGB1的蛋白表达均明显下调(P <0.05)。 结论 富氢盐水可以减轻重度烧伤大鼠急性肾损伤,而这一作用通过调控肾脏组织炎症因子释放实现。Abstract: Objective To explore the influences of hydrogen-rich saline on acute kidney injury in severely burned rats and to analyze the related mechanism. Methods Fifty-six Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham injury group (n =8), burn group (n =24), and hydrogen-rich saline group (n =24) according to the random number table. Rats in sham injury group were treated by 20 ℃ water bath on the back for 15 s to simulate injury, and rats in burn group and hydrogen-rich saline group were inflicted with 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald (hereinafter referred to as burns) by 100 ℃ water bath on the back for 15 s. Immediately after injury, hydrogen-rich saline at the dose of 10 mL/kg were intraperitoneally injected to the rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at one time, while normal saline with the same dose were intraperitoneally injected to the rats in sham injury group and burn group. At post injury hour (PIH) 6, rats in the 3 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 4 mL·kg-1·%TBSA-1 lactated Ringer′s solution for resuscitation. Eight rats from sham injury group at PIH 72 and eight rats from burn group and hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were sacrificed respectively after their blood samples from abdominal aorta were collected. Then their kidney tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and renal tubular injury scoring by hematoxylin and eosin staining, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by the clinical blood biochemical analyzer, expression distribution and mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in renal tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and real time fluorescent quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction respectively, and protein expression of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) was detected by Western blotting. Data were processed with Kruskal-WallisH test, Dunn test, one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni test. Results (1) The renal tubular structure of rats in sham injury group at PIH 72 was complete with no inflammatory cell infiltration and no cellular degeneration or necrosis. Since PIH 6, the changes such as vacuolation and shape change of cells and aggregation of broken protein in renal tubules were observed in rats of burn group, and all these changes deteriorated with time. The renal injury of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at different post injury time points were relieved compared with those of rats in burn group at the corresponding time points. The renal tubular injury scores of rats in burn group and hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were significantly higher than the score in sham injury group at PIH 72 (P <0.05). The renal tubular injury scores of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group were significantly lower than those in burn group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 (P <0.05). (2) Except for those in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6 and 72 (P >0.05), the levels of serum creatinine of rats in burn group at all the time points and hydrogen-rich saline group at the other time points were significantly higher than the level of serum creatinine of rats in sham injury group at PIH 72 (P <0.01). The levels of blood urea nitrogen of rats in burn group and hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were significantly higher than the level of blood urea nitrogen of rats in sham injury group at PIH 72 (P <0.01). The levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were significantly lower than those in burn group at the corresponding time points (P <0.05). (3) There were certain degree of positive expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats in sham injury group at PIH 72, which were mainly observed in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelium cell. The expressions of above-mentioned inflammatory cytokines in renal tissue of rats in burn group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were higher than those in sham injury group. The expressions of above-mentioned inflammatory cytokines in renal tissue of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at all the time points were less than those in burn group at the corresponding time points. (4) Compared with those in sham injury group at PIH 72, the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of rats in burn group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were significantly increased (P <0.01). The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α were significantly increased in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6 and 24 (P <0.05 orP <0.01), and the mRNA expression level of IL-6 was significantly increased in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6 (P <0.01). Compared with those at the corresponding time points in burn group, except for the mRNA expression level of TNF-α in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6 showed no significant differences (P >0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at the other time points in hydrogen-rich saline group were significantly decreased (P <0.05). (5) Compared with 0.39±0.03 in sham injury group at PIH 72, the protein expression of HMGB1 of rats in burn group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 (1.19±0.07, 1.00±0.06, 0.80±0.05) were significantly increased (P <0.05), while the protein expression of HMGB1 of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 (0.35±0.08, 0.47±0.06, 0.42±0.06) showed no significant differences (P >0.05). Compared with those in burn group, the protein expressions of HMGB1 of rats in hydrogen-rich saline group at PIH 6, 24, and 72 were significantly decreased (P <0.05). Conclusions Hydrogen-rich saline can alleviate the acute kidney injury in severely burned rats through regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines in renal tissue.-
Key words:
- Burns /
- Kidney /
- Hydrogen /
- High mobility group proteins /
- Inflammation
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