Repair of complex wounds on hands after burns or trauma
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摘要: 目的 探讨手部烧创伤后复杂创面的修复方法与效果。 方法 2008年1月—2017年12月,笔者单位收治45例伴深部组织外露的手部严重烧创伤患者,其中男28例、女17例,年龄8~58岁。手指全脱套伤2例、手背侧伤27例、手掌侧伤16例,清创后皮肤软组织缺损面积为7 cm×6 cm~19 cm×12 cm,单处深部组织外露面积为0.5 cm×0.4 cm~10.0 cm×4.0 cm。根据深部组织外露的面积和位置采用不同方法修复,5例患者外露面积小,采用人工真皮+负压封闭引流(VSD)联合自体皮移植修复;38例患者手掌或手背单侧外露面积大,采用分段结扎腹部薄皮瓣(面积为8 cm×7 cm~15 cm×9 cm)修复;2例患者手掌和手背双侧裸露面积大,采用改良腹部袋状延迟薄皮瓣(面积分别为12 cm×5 cm~12 cm×9 cm和12 cm×6 cm~14 cm×9 cm)修复。供瓣区直接缝合或采用中厚皮或邻近皮瓣修复。观察移植皮片、皮瓣成活情况,记录手术次数、创面愈合时间及随访情况。 结果 (1)采用人工真皮+VSD联合自体皮移植修复患者中,3例患者经2次手术后创面愈合;2例患者人工真皮感染溶解、肌腱坏死,经3次手术后愈合。该5例患者创面愈合时间为伤后14~33 d;随访3个月,患手外形好、质地柔软,瘢痕少,手功能评定良3例、可2例。(2)采用分段结扎腹部薄皮瓣法修复患者中,皮瓣无坏死,手术次数均为2次,创面愈合时间为伤后2~3周。35例患者随访1~6年,皮瓣色泽好、质地柔软,外形较佳,手功能评定优25例、良7例、可3例;3例患者失访。(3)2例采用改良腹部袋状延迟薄皮瓣修复患者,均行5次手术,皮瓣均成活,分别于伤后22、24 d创面愈合,后期经分指、皮瓣修整后,患手无臃肿,外形及柔韧性好,随访2年,手功能评定均为良。 结论 手部烧创伤后复杂创面如深部组织外露面积小者可采用人工真皮+VSD联合自体皮移植修复,效果良好;如深部组织外露面积大,单侧创面采用分段结扎腹部薄皮瓣、双侧创面采用改良腹部袋状延迟薄皮瓣修复,可减少手术次数、缩短创面愈合时间,手外形及功能较佳。Abstract: Objective To explore the repair methods and effects of the complex wounds on hands after burns or trauma. Methods From January 2008 to December 2017, 45 patients (28 males and 17 females, aging 8 to 58 years) with severe hand injuries after burns or trauma combined with deep tissue exposure were admitted to our hospital. Two patients had whole-fingers degloving injuries, 27 patients had dorsal hand injuries, and 16 patients had palmar injuries. After debridement, the area of soft tissue defects was 7 cm×6 cm to 19 cm×12 cm combined with 0.5 cm×0.4 cm to 10.0 cm×4.0 cm of single deep tissue exposure. Different repairing methods were adopted according to the area and location of deep tissue exposure. Five patients with small area exposure were treated with artificial dermis+ vacuum sealing drainage (VSD)+ autogenous skin grafting. Thirty-eight patients with unilateral large area exposure on palm or dorsum were treated with segmented ligation of abdominal thin flaps (with area of 8 cm×7 cm to 15 cm×9 cm). Two patients with bilateral large area exposure in dorsal and palmar hands were treated with modified abdominal bag-shaped delayed thin flaps (with area of 12 cm×5 cm to 12 cm×9 cm and 12 cm×6 cm to 14 cm×9 cm). The donor sites were directly sutured or repaired with intermediate split-thickness skin or adjacent flap. The survival of grafts and flaps was observed, number of operations, wound healing time, and follow-up were recorded. Results (1) Among the patients receiving artificial dermis+ VSD+ autogenous skin grafting, the wounds of 3 patients were healed after 2 operations, and 2 patients had artificial dermis infection and lysis, and tendon necrosis, which were healed after 3 operations. The wound healing time of 5 patients was 14 to 33 days post injury. During the follow-up of 3 months, the affected hands were in good shape with soft texture and fewer scars, and functional evaluation of hand was good in 3 cases and modest in 2 cases. (2) The patients receiving segmented ligation of abdominal thin flaps all underwent 2 operations without flap necrosis. The wound healing time was 2 to 3 weeks post injury. Thirty-five patients underwent one to six-years′ follow-up, which showed that the flaps were in good shape and color with soft texture, and the functional evaluation of hand was excellent in 25 cases, good in 7 cases, and modest in 3 cases. Three patients were lost to follow-up. (3) In the 2 patients receiving modified abdominal bag-shaped delayed thin flaps, all flaps survived after 5 operations, the wounds were healed on post injury day 22 and 24 respectively, the shape and texture of the affected hands was good with no bloated appearance after separating fingers and revision. During the follow-up of 2 years, the functional evaluation of hand was good in 2 cases. Conclusions For the complex wounds on hands after burns or trauma, if the area of deep tissue exposure is small, artificial dermis+ VSD+ autogenous skin grafting should be adopted, which has good effects. If the area of unilateral deep tissue exposure is large, segmented ligation of abdominal thin flap should be adopted; if the area of bilateral deep tissue exposure is large, modified abdominal bag-shaped delayed thin flap should be adopted. These methods can reduce the number of operations, shorten wound healing time, and obtain good shape and function of hands.
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Key words:
- Wounds and injuries /
- Wound healing /
- Hand /
- Surgical flaps /
- Dermis /
- Tissue
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