Effects of free anterolateral femoral or medial calf flaps in the repair of severe facial burns
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摘要: 目的 探讨游离股前外侧或小腿内侧皮瓣修复患者颜面部严重烧伤的效果。 方法 2014年1月—2017年10月,郑州市第一人民医院收治18例颜面部严重烧伤患者,其中男12例、女6例,年龄15~78岁。4例伴面颊部洞穿性缺损者移植自体中厚皮替代口腔黏膜,8例患者早期行负压封闭引流并移植自体中厚皮缩小创面,至皮瓣移植前创面面积14 cm×6 cm~22 cm×14 cm。15例患者创面采用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复,另3例患者创面采用游离小腿内侧皮瓣修复,皮瓣面积16 cm×7 cm~24 cm×17 cm。术中将面动脉或颞浅动脉与旋股外侧动脉或胫后动脉于显微镜下常规手工端端吻合,将2条伴行静脉采用Coupler微血管吻合器进行端端吻合。供瓣区拉拢缝合或移植自体中厚皮。记录静脉吻合时间,计算血管通畅率,观察皮瓣存活情况,随访观察受区恢复情况。 结果 本组患者2条静脉吻合时间为6~10 min,平均8.5 min,静脉和动脉通畅率均为100%,无因血管吻合问题所致血管危象。16例患者游离皮瓣存活良好;1例患者术后6 h皮瓣下出血,经手术探查止血后皮瓣血运转好;1例患者术后皮瓣远端坏死3 cm,经过换药及自体中厚皮移植后创面封闭。出院后随访2~24个月,患者五官功能大部分恢复,皮瓣颜色、质地等与面部正常皮肤不一致,部分皮瓣略显臃肿。4例面颊部洞穿性缺损者口腔完整性得以修复,张口度2.2~3.5 cm。 结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣或小腿内侧皮瓣可以较好修复颜面部严重烧伤创面,术中应用微血管吻合器吻合静脉耗时短,可保证静脉吻合质量。Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of free anterolateral femoral or medial calf flaps in the repair of severe facial burns. Methods From January 2014 to October 2017, 18 patients with severe facial burns were admitted to Zhengzhou First People′s Hospital, including 12 males and 6 females, aged 15-78 years. Autologous intermediate split-thickness skin grafts were transplanted to replace oral mucosa in 4 patients with perforating cheek defects, and 8 patients underwent early vacuum sealing drainage and autologous intermediate split-thickness skin grafting to reduce the wound area to 14 cm×6 cm-22 cm×14 cm before flap transplantation. The wounds of 15 patients were repaired with free anterolateral femoral flaps, and the wounds of the other 3 patients were repaired with free medial calf flaps. The area of flaps ranged from 16 cm×7 cm to 24 cm×17 cm. The facial artery or superficial temporal artery was anastomosed end-to-end with lateral femoral circumflex artery or posterior tibial artery under microscope routinely and manually, and the two accompanying veins were anastomosed end-to-end by Coupler microvascular anastomat. The donor site was sutured or transplanted with autologous intermediate split-thickness skin graft. The anastomosis time of veins was recorded. The patency rate of vascular was calculated. The survival status of flaps were observed. The recovery of recipient area was observed during follow-up. Results The anastomosis time of two veins in this group was 6-10 minutes, with an average of 8.5 minutes. The patency rates of veins and arteries were 100%. There was no vascular crisis due to the anastomosis problem. The free flaps survived well in 16 patients; one patient had hemorrhage under the flap 6 hours after operation, and the blood circulation of flaps turned well after hemostasis by surgical exploration; the other patient had 3 cm necrosis at the distal end of flap after operation, and the wound was closed after dressing change and autologous intermediate split-thickness skin grafting. The patients were followed up for 2 to 24 months after discharge. Most of the five senses function recovered. The color and texture of the flaps were not consistent with those of the normal facial skin. Some flaps were slightly swollen. Oral integrity was restored in 4 patients with perforating cheek defect with mouth opening of 2.2-3.5 cm. Conclusions Free anterolateral thigh flaps or medial calf flaps can repair severe facial burn wounds. It takes less time to anastomose venous vessels by microvascular anastomat during operation and can ensure the quality of venous anastomosis.
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Key words:
- Burns /
- Face /
- Surgical flaps /
- Microvascular anastomot /
- Microsurgical technique
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