Analysis of the pathogenic characteristics of fungal bloodstream infection in severe burn patients
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摘要:
目的 回顾性分析重度烧伤患者真菌血流感染的诊断时间、病原菌分布及耐药性等情况。 方法 收集陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院全军烧伤研究所重症监护室2011年7月—2019年5月收治的55例重度烧伤真菌血流感染患者[男46例、女9例，年龄42(1，78)岁]血液样本进行回顾性分析。采用微生物监测系统进行病原菌培养，采用API酵母菌鉴定试剂盒和念珠菌显色培养基进行病原菌鉴定，采用K-B纸片扩散法检测真菌对氟康唑、两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、酮康唑和伏立康唑的耐药情况。统计患者血液真菌培养阳性率、病死率及真菌局部增殖部位分布，患者真菌血流感染的诊断时间分布，真菌种类的分布和对常用抗真菌药物的耐药情况及抗菌药物使用情况。采用WHONET 5.6软件对真菌的分布及耐药情况进行分析。 结果 (1)9年间共送检4 839份血液样本，其中122份真菌培养阳性，阳性率为2.52%。本组55例患者中8例死亡，病死率为14.55%；在30例局部真菌增殖中，导管真菌增殖居于首位。(2)本组患者真菌血流感染的诊断时间主要分布在住院≤1周[32.73%(18/55)]。(3)在检出的55株真菌中，近平滑念珠菌构成比居首位(21.82%，共12株)，光滑念珠菌居第2位(18.18%，共10株)，热带念珠菌和白念珠菌构成比共同居第3位(14.55%，共8株)。55株真菌均对两性霉素B敏感，对伏立康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、酮康唑的耐药率为4.5%～9.1%。(4)55例患者均使用过广谱抗菌药物，其中有44例患者抗菌药物使用种类≥3种，37例患者抗菌药物使用时间≥7 d。 结论 本组重度烧伤患者真菌血流感染的诊断时间主要为住院1周及以内，真菌以近平滑念珠菌为主，导管真菌增殖在30例局部真菌增殖中居于首位，所有检出的真菌均对两性霉素B敏感，对伏立康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、酮康唑的耐药率处于较低水平。本组真菌血流感染的重度烧伤患者均存在广谱抗菌药物的过度暴露。
Abstract:Objective To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis time, pathogen distribution, and drug resistance of fungal bloodstream infection in severe burn patients. Methods Blood samples were collected from 55 severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection (including 46 males and 9 females, aged 42 (1, 78) years) admitted to the intensive care unit of the Institute of Burn Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from July 2011 to May 2019 for retrospective analysis. Microbial monitoring system was used to cultivate pathogens, API yeast identification kit and
Candida chromogenic medium were used to identify pathogens, and Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect drug resistance of fungi to fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole. The positive rate of blood fungal culture, mortality rate, distribution of local fungal proliferation sites, the diagnosis time distribution of fungal bloodstream infection, the distribution of fungal species, resistance to commonly-used antifungal drugs, and the use of antibiotics were assessed. The WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of fungi. Results (1) Totally 4 839 blood samples were collected during the 9 years, and 122 strains of fungi were isolated, with positive rate of 2.52%. The mortality rate was 14.55% (8 patients) in 55 patients. Catheter fungal proliferation ranked the first among 30 cases of local fungal proliferation. (2) The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection mainly distributed in ≤1 week of hospitalization [32.73% (18/55)]. (3) Among the 55 strains of fungi detected, the detection rate of
Candida parapsilosis ranked the first (21.82%, 12 strains),
Candida glabrata was the second (18.18%, 10 strains), and
Candida tropicalis was tied with
Candida albicans in the third place (14.55%, 8 strains). All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, and the resistance rates to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were between 4.5% and 9.1%. (4) Droad-spectrum antibiotics were used in all the 55 patients, ≥3 kinds of antibiotics were used in 44 patients, and 37 patients used antibacterial drugs ≥7 days. Conclusions The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection in the 55 severe burn patients was mainly within 1 week of hospitalization.
Candida parapsilosis is the most commonly detected fungal species. Catheter fungal proliferation occurs most commonly among the 30 patients with local fungal proliferation. All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, with low drug resistance to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were overused in the severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection.
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Key words:
- Burns /
- Infection /
- Antifungal agents
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