Epidemiological investigation of 511 adult inpatients with gas burns
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摘要:
目的 了解中国科学院大学宁波华美医院烧伤科(下称笔者单位)成年燃气烧伤住院患者的流行病学特征，为指导燃气烧伤的预防提供依据。 方法 收集笔者单位2011年1月—2017年12月收治的所有火焰烧伤住院患者病历资料，对成年燃气烧伤住院患者占同期火焰烧伤住院患者总数的百分比、性别、年龄、受伤季节、致伤地点、烧伤严重程度、常见复合伤、并发症、人口口径、教育程度、从事行业，以及老年燃气烧伤住院患者伤前疾病与转归情况进行回顾性统计分析；另单独分析成年燃气烧伤住院患者中流动人口的年龄、致伤地点、教育程度和从事行业，并与7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者总人口进行对比。对数据进行
χ 2检验或Fisher确切概率法检验(Monte Carlo算法)。 结果 笔者单位7年间共收治1 490例火焰烧伤住院患者，其中成年燃气烧伤住院患者511例，占34.30%。7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者例数在逐渐增多，但其占同期火焰烧伤住院患者总数的百分比无明显差异(
χ 2＝7.087，
P >0.05)。511例成年燃气烧伤住院患者(下称本组患者)中，男315例、女196例，男女比为1.61∶1.00；中年最多，为270例，占52.84%。7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者在性别及年龄段上的分布均有较大差异(
χ 2＝54.810、27.832，
P <0.01)。本组患者中，夏季受伤者最多，为251例，占49.12%；致伤地点以家中为主，共388例，占75.93%。7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者在不同季节中的分布有明显差异(
χ 2＝42.254，
P <0.01)，在致伤地点上的分布无明显差异(
χ 2＝6.782，
P >0.05)。本组患者以中度烧伤为主(237例，占46.38%)，7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者烧伤严重程度的分布趋势大体一致(
χ 2＝19.680，
P >0.05)；176例(34.44%)伴吸入性损伤，30例(5.87%)伴肺爆震伤；20例(3.91%)发生并发症。44.44%(32/72)的老年燃气烧伤住院患者伴有伤前基础疾病，其死亡或未愈百分比达18.06%(13/72)。本组患者中大部分为常住人口，共358例，占70.06%；以中等教育程度为主，共304例，占59.49%；多从事制造/建筑、个体和餐饮业，分别为138、90、90例，占27.01%、17.61%、17.61%。7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者在人口口径、教育程度和从事行业上的分布均有明显差异(
χ 2＝17.496、29.898、88.896，
P <0.05或
P <0.01)。本组患者中流动人口共153例，以青、中年为主，分别为90、62例，占58.82%、40.52%；主要致伤地点为家中，共97例，占63.40%；普遍为中等教育程度，共101例，占66.01%；主要从事制造/建筑、个体和餐饮业，分别为71、26、20例，占46.41%、16.99%、13.07%。与7年间成年燃气烧伤住院患者总人口相比，流动人口更年轻化，工作场所致伤增多，从事行业更集中(
χ 2＝42.924、9.390、27.819，
P <0.01)。 结论 笔者单位燃气烧伤是火焰烧伤住院患者的主要致伤原因，该类烧伤主要发生在夏季、家中，受累患者以男性、中青年、常住人口为主，以中度烧伤居多，常伴吸入性损伤，且患者大多为中等教育程度，多从事制造/建筑、个体和餐饮业，其中流动人口患者更年轻化、工作场所致伤更多、从事行业更集中。预防燃气烧伤要重点关注对中青年男性、流动人口及退休老人和家庭主妇的燃气安全宣传教育，尤其是夏季要做好家中燃气的安检措施；应督促企业进一步加强安全生产监管力度。
Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adult inpatients with gas burns in the Department of Burns of Hwa Mei Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the author′s unit) , so as to provide evidence for the prevention of gas burn. Methods Medical records of all inpatients with flame burns admitted to the author′s unit from January 2011 to December 2017 were collected. The percentage of adult inpatients with gas burns in total inpatients with flame burns in the same period, and their gender, age, injury season, accident place, burn severity, common compound injury, complication, population caliber, education, industry, as well as the pre-injury disease and prognosis of elderly inpatients with gas burns were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, the age, accident place, education, and industry of the floating population in the adult inpatients with gas burns were analyzed separately and compared with the total population of adult inpatients with gas burns in 7 years. Data were processed with chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability test (Monte Carlo algorithm). Results During the 7 years, 1 490 inpatients with flame burns were admitted to the author′s unit, among which 511 were adult inpatients with gas burns, accounting for 34.30%. The number of adult inpatients with gas burns increased gradually during the 7 years, but its percentage in the total inpatients with flame burns during the same period showed no significant difference (
χ 2=7.087,
P >0.05). Among the 511 adult inpatients with gas burns (hereinafter referred to as the patients in this group), there were 315 males and 196 females, with a male/female ratio of 1.61 to 1.00, and the middle-aged patients were the most, up to 270 cases, accounting for 52.84%. The distribution of adult inpatients with gas burns during the 7 years was significantly different in gender and age (
χ 2=54.810, 27.832,
P <0.01). Among the patients in this group, most were injured in summer, totally 251 cases, accounting for 49.12%, and the accident place was mainly at home, totally 388 cases, accounting for 75.93%. The distribution of adult inpatients with gas burns during the 7 years was significantly different in injury season (
χ 2=42.254,
P <0.01), but not in accident place (
χ 2=6.782,
P >0.05). The patients in this group were mainly with moderate burns (237 cases, accounting for 46.38%), and the distribution trend of burn severity of adult inpatients with gas burns was basically the same during the 7 years (
χ 2=19.680,
P >0.05); 176 patients (34.44%) were accompanied by inhalation injury, and 30 patients (5.87%) were accompanied by blast injury of lung; post injury complications occurred in 20 patients (3.91%). In the elderly inpatients with gas burns, 44.44% (32/72) were accompanied by pre-injury basic diseases, and the proportion of death or unhealed reached 18.06% (13/72). Most of the patients in this group were permanent residents (358 cases, accounting for 70.06%) and received secondary education (304 cases, accounting for 59.49%), and the majority of them were engaged in manufacturing/construction (138 cases, accounting for 27.01%), self-employed business (90 cases, accounting for 17.61%), and catering (90 cases, accounting for 17.61%) industries. The distribution of adult inpatients with gas burns during the 7 years was significantly different in population caliber, education, and occupation (
χ 2=17.496, 29.898, 88.896,
P <0.05 or
P <0.01). Among the patients of this group, the floating population were mainly young (90 cases, accounting for 58.82%) and middle-aged (62 cases, accounting for 40.52%), with main accident place at home (97 cases, accounting for 63.40%), generally received secondary education (101 cases, accounting for 66.01%), and were mainly engaged in manufacturing/construction (71 cases, accounting for 46.41%), self-employed business (26 cases, accounting for 16.99%), and catering (20 cases, accounting for 13.07%) industries. Compared with the total adult inpatients with gas burns in 7 years, the floating population were younger, more injured in the workplace, and more concentrated in industry (
χ 2=42.924, 9.390, 27.819,
P <0.01). Conclusions Gas burn was the leading injury cause of inpatients with flame burns in the author′s unit, which mainly occurred in summer and at home; the patients were mainly male, young and middle-aged, and permanent residents, most of which were with moderate burn, often accompanied by inhalation injury. Most of the patients were of secondary education, engaged in manufacturing/construction, self-employed business, and catering industries, among which the floating population were younger, more injured in the workplace, and more concentrated in industry. In order to prevent gas burn, we should pay more attention to the propaganda and education of gas safety among young and middle-aged men, floating population, retired old people and housewives, especially in summer, we should do a good job in gas safety inspection at home. In addition, we should urge enterprises to further strengthen the supervision of production safety.
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Key words:
- Burns /
- Fossil fuels /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Floating population
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