Email Alerts
RSS
Volume 37 Issue 8
Aug.  2021
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  > 2021  >  37(8): 711-717
Ye XY,Li XL,Li YG,et al.Clinical effects of medical ozone autologous blood transfusion combined with Xingnaojing in the treatment of septic encephalopathy in burns[J].Chin J Burns,2021,37(6):568-574.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200330-00204.
Citation: Xi WJ,Zhang Z,Li J,et al.Clinical effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of contracture scars[J].Chin J Burns,2021,37(8):711-717.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210624-00225.
shu

Clinical effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of contracture scars

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210624-00225

  • Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81772098

Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81801918, 82000456, 82002064, 81801917

Shanghai Hospital Development Center Three-year Program of China SHDC2020CR2045B

Excellent Technology Leader Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of China 18XD1423700

Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning of China 20154Y0023

Peak Plateau Plan of Shanghai Education Commission "Research Doctors" Project of China 20152227

Industry Supporting Foundation of Huangpu District of Shanghai XK2020008

Interdisciplinary Program between Medicine and Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University YG2019QNB09

Construction Project of Clinical Research Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Team of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 2017-1-007

Clinical Research Booster Program of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine JYLJ027

Interdisciplinary Foundation of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine JYJC202009

More Information
    Abstract
  •   Objective  To explore the clinical effect of the fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of contracture scars.  Methods  A retrospective before-after self-control study was conducted. From December 2016 to April 2021, 16 patients (7 males and 9 females, aged 3-49 years) with contracture scars causing impaired function of the adjacent joint were admitted to Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Eighteen joint scars of 16 patients were treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser every 2-3 months until the joint retained its normal range of motion or the effect plateaued. The treatment times of each patient were recorded. Before the first treatment and 6 months after the last treatment, the ranges of motion of the affected joint were measured in each patient, and the difference was calculated, meanwhile, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the scar of each patient. In the treatment of 1 joint scar in each of 6 patients (totally 6 times of treatments), the ranges of motion of the affected joint before the current treatment, immediately after the treatment, and at the first follow-up after the treatment were documented, and the differences between the ranges before and immediately after the treatment as well as between the ranges before and at the first follow-up after the treatment were calculated. Adverse effects after the treatment in the treatment area were documented. At the last follow-up, a self-made questionnaire was used to collect the implementation status of the physical therapy and other scar management modalities during the treatment interval and follow-up period. Data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test.  Results  Eighteen joint scars in 16 patients received 2 (1, 3) times of fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment. The range of motion of the affected joint of 16 patients 6 months after the last treatment was 56.5 (39.0, 128.8)°, notably higher than 38.4 (22.9, 116.3)° before the first treatment (Z=-3.724, P<0.01), showing a remarkable improvement by 17.4 (8.0, 24.1)°. The vascular distribution, softness, and thickness scores, and total score in VSS scoring of scars of 16 patients 6 months after the last treatment were significantly lower than those before the first treatment (Z=-2.989, -3.762, -2.814, -3.739, P<0.01), with the most obvious improvement in softness. In 6 times of treatments, the range of motion of the affected joint immediately after treatment and at the first follow-up of (2.5±0.6) months after treatment were 156.2 (148.0, 164.2)° and 160.2 (156.7, 166.4)°, both notably higher than 151.4 (145.7, 155.3)° before treatment (Z=-2.201, -2.201, P<0.05), showing a remarkable improvement by 9.1 (4.4, 13.0)° and 13.1 (8.0, 15.7)°, respectively. No adverse effects such as blisters, infection, or hypertrophic scar formation were observed in the treatment area of 16 patients after treatment. Most patients adopted physical therapy, compression, silicone gel or sheets, and braces during the treatment interval and follow-up period.  Conclusions  The fractional carbon dioxide laser can soften the scar and increase the range of motion of the affected joint, which is suitable for the clinical treatment of mild contracture scars.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References(38)
  • [1]
    KhansaI,HarrisonB,JanisJE.Evidence-based scar management: how to improve results with technique and technology[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2016,138(3 Suppl):S165-178.DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002647.
    [2]
    KafkaM,CollinsV,KamolzLP,et al.Evidence of invasive and noninvasive treatment modalities for hypertrophic scars: a systematic review[J].Wound Repair Regen,2017,25(1):139-144.DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12507.
    [3]
    RobsonMC,BarnettRA,LeitchIO,et al.Prevention and treatment of postburn scars and contracture[J].World J Surg,1992,16(1):87-96.DOI: 10.1007/BF02067119.
    [4]
    ThorneCH. Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery[M].7th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
    [5]
    MathesSJ, NahaiF. Clinical atlas of muscle and musculocutaneous flaps[M]. St. Louis: Mosby, 1979.
    [6]
    MaxeyL, MagnussonJ. Rehabilitation for the postsurgical orthopedic patient[M].3rd ed. St.Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences,2013.
    [7]
    Issler-FisherAC,WaibelJS,DonelanMB.Laser modulation of hypertrophic scars: technique and practice[J].Clin Plast Surg,2017,44(4):757-766.DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2017.05.007.
    [8]
    PoetschkeJ,DornseiferU,ClementoniMT,et al.Ultrapulsed fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of hypertrophic burn scars: evaluation of an in-patient controlled, standardized treatment approach[J].Lasers Med Sci,2017,32(5):1031-1040.DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2204-z.
    [9]
    ZuccaroJ,MuserI,SinghM,et al.Laser therapy for pediatric burn scars: focusing on a combined treatment approach[J].J Burn Care Res,2018,39(3):457-462.DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irx008.
    [10]
    OuyangHW,LiGF,LeiY,et al.Comparison of the effectiveness of pulsed dye laser vs pulsed dye laser combined with ultrapulse fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of immature red hypertrophic scars[J].J Cosmet Dermatol,2018,17(1):54-60.DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12487.
    [11]
    ŻądkowskiT,NachulewiczP,MazgajM,et al.A new CO2 laser technique for the treatment of pediatric hypertrophic burn scars: an observational study[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2016,95(42):e5168.DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005168.
    [12]
    HultmanCS,FriedstatJS,EdkinsRE,et al.Laser resurfacing and remodeling of hypertrophic burn scars: the results of a large, prospective, before-after cohort study, with long-term follow-up[J].Ann Surg,2014,260(3):519-529; discussion 529-532.DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000893.
    [13]
    HultmanCS,EdkinsRE,LeeCN,et al.Shine on: review of laser- and light-based therapies for the treatment of burn scars[J].Dermatol Res Pract,2012,2012:243651.DOI: 10.1155/2012/243651.
    [14]
    KrakowskiAC,GoldenbergA,EichenfieldLF,et al.Ablative fractional laser resurfacing helps treat restrictive pediatric scar contractures[J].Pediatrics,2014,134(6):e1700-1705.DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1586.
    [15]
    SeagoM,ShumakerPR,SpringLK,et al.Laser treatment of traumatic scars and contractures: 2020 international consensus recommendations[J].Lasers Surg Med,2020,52(2):96-116.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23201.
    [16]
    WaibelJS,GianatasioC,A.RandomizedRudnick, controlled early intervention of dynamic mode fractional ablative CO2 laser on acute burn injuries for prevention of pathological scarring[J].Lasers Surg Med,2020,52(2):117-124.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23170.
    [17]
    KauvarA,KubickiSL,SuggsAK,et al.Laser therapy of traumatic and surgical scars and an algorithm for their treatment[J].Lasers Surg Med,2020,52(2):125-136.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23171.
    [18]
    LeviB,IbrahimA,MathewsK,et al.The use of CO2 fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of burn scars[J].J Burn Care Res,2016,37(2):106-114.DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000285.
    [19]
    HaedersdalM.Fractional ablative CO2 laser resurfacing improves a thermal burn scar[J].J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol,2009,23(11):1340-1341.DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03215.x.
    [20]
    HurlimanE,ZelicksonB,KenkelJ.In-vivo histological analysis of a fractional CO2 laser system intended for treatment of soft tissue[J].J Drugs Dermatol,2017,16(11):1085-1090.
    [21]
    HantashBM,BediVP,KapadiaB,et al.In vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device[J].Lasers Surg Med,2007,39(2):96-107.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20468.
    [22]
    MansteinD,HerronGS,SinkRK,et al.Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury[J].Lasers Surg Med,2004,34(5):426-438.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20048.
    [23]
    ZhangZ,ChenJ,HuangJ,et al.Experimental study of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated ethosomes combined with CO2 fractional laser to treat hypertrophic scar[J].Nanoscale Res Lett,2018,13(1):26.DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2425-x.
    [24]
    DeBrulerDM,BlackstoneBN,BaumannME,et al.Inflammatory responses, matrix remodeling, and re-epithelialization after fractional CO2 laser treatment of scars[J].Lasers Surg Med,2017,49(7):675-685.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22666.
    [25]
    OzogDM,LiuA,ChaffinsML,et al.Evaluation of clinical results, histological architecture, and collagen expression following treatment of mature burn scars with a fractional carbon dioxide laser[J].JAMA Dermatol,2013,149(1):50-57.DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.668.
    [26]
    QuL,LiuA,ZhouL,et al.Clinical and molecular effects on mature burn scars after treatment with a fractional CO2 laser[J].Lasers Surg Med,2012,44(7):517-524.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22055.
    [27]
    MakboulM,MakboulR,AbdelhafezAH,et al.Evaluation of the effect of fractional CO2 laser on histopathological picture and TGF-β1 expression in hypertrophic scar[J].J Cosmet Dermatol,2014,13(3):169-179.DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12099.
    [28]
    LeeSJ,SuhDH,LeeJM,et al.Dermal remodeling of burn scar by fractional CO2 laser[J].Aesthetic Plast Surg,2016,40(5):761-768.DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0686-x.
    [29]
    El-HoshyK,Abdel-HalimMRE,DorghamD,et al.Efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of mature burn scars: a clinical, histopathological, and histochemical study[J].J Clin Aesthet Dermatol,2017,10(12):36-43.
    [30]
    NaouriM,AtlanM,PerrodeauE,et al.High-resolution ultrasound imaging to demonstrate and predict efficacy of carbon dioxide fractional resurfacing laser treatment[J].Dermatol Surg,2011,37(5):596-603.DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01943.x.
    [31]
    BaryzaMJ,BaryzaGA.The Vancouver Scar Scale: an administration tool and its interrater reliability[J].J Burn Care Rehabil,1995,16(5):535-538.DOI: 10.1097/00004630-199509000-00013.
    [32]
    ZuccaroJ,ZiolkowskiN,FishJ.A systematic review of the effectiveness of laser therapy for hypertrophic burn scars[J].Clin Plast Surg,2017,44(4):767-779.DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2017.05.008.
    [33]
    KarmisholtKE,HaerskjoldA,KarlsmarkT,et al.Early laser intervention to reduce scar formation-a systematic review[J].J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol,2018,32(7):1099-1110.DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14856.
    [34]
    WillowsBM,IlyasM,SharmaA.Laser in the management of burn scars[J]. Burns,2017,43(7):1379-1389. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.07.001.
    [35]
    GiordanoCN,OzogD.Microstructural and molecular considerations in the treatment of scars with ablative fractional lasers[J].Semin Cutan Med Surg,2015,34(1):7-12.DOI: 10.12788/j.sder.2015.0124.
    [36]
    AndersonRR,DonelanMB,HivnorC,et al.Laser treatment of traumatic scars with an emphasis on ablative fractional laser resurfacing: consensus report[J].JAMA Dermatol,2014,150(2):187-193.DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.7761.
    [37]
    Issler-FisherAC,FisherOM,HaertschP,et al.Ablative fractional resurfacing with laser-facilitated steroid delivery for burn scar management: does the depth of laser penetration matter?[J].Lasers Surg Med,2020,52(2):149-158.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23166.
    [38]
    LvKY,XiaZF, Chinese consensus panel on the prevention and treatment of scars. Chinese expert consensus on clinical prevention and treatment of scar[J/OL].Burns Trauma,2018,6:27[2021-06-24]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30263894/.DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0129-9.
    • Relative Articles

  • Relative Articles

    [1]Cai Weixia, Zheng Zhao, Liu Jiaqi, Liu Yang, Zhang Ting, Ji Peng, Tian Chenyang. Effect of rat platelet-rich plasma gel on autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing glia-derived neurotrophic factor[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(12): 1176-1183. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240408-00126
    [2]Lu Ting, Liu Amin, Jin Qihui, Zhang Ling. Research advances on the role of adipokines in diabetic peripheral arterial diseases[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(5): 495-500. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230724-00017
    [3]Shi Yan, Yi Liang, Zhang Weiqiang, Liu Nike, Wen Huicai, Yang Ronghua. Effects and mechanism of baicalin on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(11): 1085-1094. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231104-00179
    [4]Nong Yule, Lyu Yehui. Research advances on the mechanism of circular RNA in diabetic wound healing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(5): 487-490. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220727-00317
    [5]Li Xiaoliang, Xie Jiangfan, Ye Xiangyang, Li Yanguang, Liu Dewu. Research advances on the mechanism of non-coding RNA regulated diabetic wound healing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(2): 184-189. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221101-00477
    [6]Liu Wenjian, Liu Dewu. Research advances on mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in promoting angiogenesis of diabetic ulcers[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(4): 393-399. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20201207-00520
    [7]Shen Kuo, Wang Xujie, Liu Kaituo, Li Shaohui, Li Jin, Zhang Jinxin, Wang Hongtao, Hu Dahai. Effects of exosomes from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on inflammatory response of mouse RAW264.7 cells and wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(3): 215-226. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20201116-00477
    [8]Cao Tao, Xiao Dan, Ji Peng, Zhang Zhi, Cai Weixia, Han Chao, Li Wen, Tao Ke. Effects of exosomes from hepatocyte growth factor-modified human adipose mesenchymal stem cells on full-thickness skin defect in diabetic mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(11): 1004-1013. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220731-00330
    [9]Wang Yixi, Chen Junjie, Cen Ying, Li Zhengyong, Zhang Zhenyu. Research advances on exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in promoting diabetic wound healing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(5): 491-495. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210218-00057
    [10]Liu Kaituo, Hu Dahai. Research advances on the application of biocompatible materials in treating diabetic wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(9): 885-886. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200619-00316
    [11]Tu Zhuolong, Lin Cai. Research advances on the effects and mechanism of curcumin in promoting diabetic wound healing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(4): 391-394. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200224-00089
    [12]Lu Yifei, Deng Jun, Wang Jing, Luo Gaoxing. Effects and mechanism of Lactococcus lactis thermo-sensitive hydrogel on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(12): 1117-1129. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20201004-00427
    [13]Dong Jiaoyun, Gong Jiahong, Ji Xiaoyun, Tian Ming, Liu Yingkai, Qing Chun, Lu Shuliang, Song Fei. Preliminary evaluation and mechanism of adipose-derived stem cell transplantation from allogenic diabetic rats in the treatment of diabetic rat wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(9): 645-654. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.09.002
    [14]Deng Chengliang, Yao Yuanzhen, Liu Zhiyuan, Wang Bo, Wang Dali, Wei Zairong. Effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(1): 40-47. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.01.008
    [15]Peng Ying, Zhao Yang, Xie Ying, Lin Xiaoying, Pan Manchang, Wang Hong. Effects of allogeneic skin fibroblasts on promoting wound healing of diabetic mice and the mechanism[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2018, 34(8): 532-541. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2018.08.011
    [16]Yao Yuanzhen, Deng Chengliang, Wang Bo. Advances in the research of influence of diabetes in biological function of adipose-derived stem cells[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2018, 34(9): 653-656. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2018.09.017
    [17]Cui Shengyong, Liu Yan, Zhang Xiong. Role of dysfunction of macrophage in intractable diabetic wound[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2014, 30(3): 264-269. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2014.03.019
    [18]ZHU Fei-bin, LIUDe-wu, ZHANG Hong-yan, XU Jun-ci, PENG Yan, ZHONG Qing-ling, LI Yong-tie. Effect of substance P combined with epidermal stem cells on wound healing and nerve regeneration in rats with diabetes mellitus[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2012, 28(1): 25-31. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2012.01.007
    [19]LU Shu-liang, XIE Ting, NIU Yi-wen. A potential mechanism for impaired wound healing cutaneous environmental disorders in diabetes mellitus[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2008, 24(1): 3-5.
    [20]SHU Bin, QI Shao-hai, LIU Po, HUANC Yong, XIE fu-lin, XU Ying-hin, LIU Xu-sheng, LI Ye-yang. Influence of skin-derived progenitor cell combining with hyaluronic acid on the wound healing of diabetic rat[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2007, 23(1): 20-24.
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By

  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(4)

    1. 马金花. 醒脑静联合利巴韦林治疗病毒性脑炎患儿的疗效. 检验医学与临床. 2024(01): 87-90+94 .
    2. 陈聪，夏哲灏，范林平. 氟马西尼联合醒脑静用于急性苯二氮卓类药物中毒治疗的效果观察. 北方药学. 2023(04): 146-148 .
    3. 吕小丽，刘小梅，王东敏，周晓丰. 湿润烧伤膏联合臭氧水治疗手部深Ⅱ度烧伤的疗效观察. 中国美容医学. 2023(07): 17-21 .
    4. 包芳芳，沈杰. 醒脑静注射液在急性脑血管病昏迷患者急救中的应用. 现代诊断与治疗. 2023(19): 2915-2917 .

    Other cited types(0)

  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-032025-04051015202530
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 3.7 %FULLTEXT: 3.7 %META: 94.5 %META: 94.5 %PDF: 1.8 %PDF: 1.8 %FULLTEXTMETAPDF
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 1.0 %其他: 1.0 %其他: 0.5 %其他: 0.5 %China: 0.3 %China: 0.3 %Seattle: 0.0 %Seattle: 0.0 %United States: 0.0 %United States: 0.0 %[]: 0.3 %[]: 0.3 %三明: 0.4 %三明: 0.4 %三门峡: 0.5 %三门峡: 0.5 %上海: 0.1 %上海: 0.1 %东莞: 0.2 %东莞: 0.2 %丽水: 1.0 %丽水: 1.0 %乐山: 0.3 %乐山: 0.3 %佛山: 0.1 %佛山: 0.1 %保定: 0.6 %保定: 0.6 %信阳: 0.0 %信阳: 0.0 %克拉玛依: 0.0 %克拉玛依: 0.0 %六安: 0.4 %六安: 0.4 %六盘水: 0.2 %六盘水: 0.2 %兴安: 0.1 %兴安: 0.1 %兴安盟: 0.0 %兴安盟: 0.0 %凉山彝族自治州: 0.0 %凉山彝族自治州: 0.0 %包头: 0.2 %包头: 0.2 %北京: 0.2 %北京: 0.2 %北方邦: 0.0 %北方邦: 0.0 %南京: 0.3 %南京: 0.3 %南充: 0.1 %南充: 0.1 %南平: 1.6 %南平: 1.6 %南昌: 0.1 %南昌: 0.1 %南通: 0.9 %南通: 0.9 %厦门: 0.2 %厦门: 0.2 %台北: 0.1 %台北: 0.1 %台州: 0.5 %台州: 0.5 %合肥: 0.1 %合肥: 0.1 %吉林: 0.4 %吉林: 0.4 %呼和浩特: 0.1 %呼和浩特: 0.1 %咸阳: 0.1 %咸阳: 0.1 %哈尔滨: 0.3 %哈尔滨: 0.3 %哥伦布: 0.1 %哥伦布: 0.1 %唐山: 0.6 %唐山: 0.6 %商丘: 0.0 %商丘: 0.0 %喀什: 0.0 %喀什: 0.0 %嘉兴: 1.7 %嘉兴: 1.7 %大连: 1.9 %大连: 1.9 %天津: 0.3 %天津: 0.3 %宁德: 3.2 %宁德: 3.2 %宁波: 0.9 %宁波: 0.9 %安庆: 0.1 %安庆: 0.1 %安康: 1.6 %安康: 1.6 %宜春: 0.3 %宜春: 0.3 %宣城: 0.0 %宣城: 0.0 %宿迁: 3.4 %宿迁: 3.4 %山景城: 0.1 %山景城: 0.1 %常德: 0.9 %常德: 0.9 %广元: 0.3 %广元: 0.3 %广安: 0.3 %广安: 0.3 %广州: 1.6 %广州: 1.6 %廊坊: 0.1 %廊坊: 0.1 %延安: 4.4 %延安: 4.4 %延边朝鲜族自治州: 0.1 %延边朝鲜族自治州: 0.1 %张家口: 0.7 %张家口: 0.7 %徐州: 1.5 %徐州: 1.5 %德州: 0.1 %德州: 0.1 %德阳: 0.7 %德阳: 0.7 %怀化: 0.1 %怀化: 0.1 %成都: 0.1 %成都: 0.1 %扬州: 0.5 %扬州: 0.5 %抚州: 1.0 %抚州: 1.0 %抚顺: 0.3 %抚顺: 0.3 %拉贾斯坦邦: 0.1 %拉贾斯坦邦: 0.1 %无锡: 0.6 %无锡: 0.6 %日照: 1.2 %日照: 1.2 %昆明: 0.0 %昆明: 0.0 %普赖恩维尔: 0.1 %普赖恩维尔: 0.1 %朝阳: 0.2 %朝阳: 0.2 %杭州: 1.7 %杭州: 1.7 %枣庄: 0.0 %枣庄: 0.0 %株洲: 0.1 %株洲: 0.1 %榆林: 0.7 %榆林: 0.7 %武汉: 0.2 %武汉: 0.2 %汉中: 0.8 %汉中: 0.8 %汕头: 0.6 %汕头: 0.6 %池州: 0.9 %池州: 0.9 %沃思堡: 0.2 %沃思堡: 0.2 %沈阳: 1.2 %沈阳: 1.2 %泉州: 1.1 %泉州: 1.1 %泰州: 1.4 %泰州: 1.4 %泸州: 0.5 %泸州: 0.5 %济南: 1.3 %济南: 1.3 %海得拉巴: 0.1 %海得拉巴: 0.1 %淄博: 0.1 %淄博: 0.1 %淮北: 0.2 %淮北: 0.2 %淮安: 0.5 %淮安: 0.5 %温州: 1.2 %温州: 1.2 %渭南: 0.5 %渭南: 0.5 %湖州: 1.8 %湖州: 1.8 %湘潭: 0.4 %湘潭: 0.4 %湘西: 0.6 %湘西: 0.6 %湘西土家族苗族自治州: 0.3 %湘西土家族苗族自治州: 0.3 %滁州: 0.3 %滁州: 0.3 %漯河: 0.1 %漯河: 0.1 %漳州: 1.2 %漳州: 1.2 %烟台: 0.7 %烟台: 0.7 %白山: 0.3 %白山: 0.3 %盐城: 0.4 %盐城: 0.4 %盘锦: 0.9 %盘锦: 0.9 %石嘴山: 0.1 %石嘴山: 0.1 %石家庄: 0.8 %石家庄: 0.8 %福州: 0.2 %福州: 0.2 %科尼亚: 0.3 %科尼亚: 0.3 %秦皇岛: 0.2 %秦皇岛: 0.2 %绍兴: 0.5 %绍兴: 0.5 %绵阳: 0.4 %绵阳: 0.4 %罗奥尔凯埃: 0.1 %罗奥尔凯埃: 0.1 %自贡: 0.3 %自贡: 0.3 %舟山: 0.4 %舟山: 0.4 %芒廷维尤: 6.8 %芒廷维尤: 6.8 %芜湖: 0.5 %芜湖: 0.5 %芝加哥: 0.0 %芝加哥: 0.0 %苏州: 0.3 %苏州: 0.3 %荆门: 1.4 %荆门: 1.4 %莆田: 2.5 %莆田: 2.5 %营口: 1.4 %营口: 1.4 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %蚌埠: 0.0 %蚌埠: 0.0 %衡水: 0.4 %衡水: 0.4 %衢州: 1.8 %衢州: 1.8 %襄阳: 0.4 %襄阳: 0.4 %西宁: 0.3 %西宁: 0.3 %西安: 2.5 %西安: 2.5 %西雅图: 0.0 %西雅图: 0.0 %许昌: 0.1 %许昌: 0.1 %辽阳: 1.1 %辽阳: 1.1 %达州: 0.2 %达州: 0.2 %运城: 0.1 %运城: 0.1 %连云港: 0.9 %连云港: 0.9 %通辽: 0.1 %通辽: 0.1 %遵义: 0.0 %遵义: 0.0 %邢台: 0.0 %邢台: 0.0 %邵阳: 0.2 %邵阳: 0.2 %郑州: 0.0 %郑州: 0.0 %郴州: 1.5 %郴州: 1.5 %鄂尔多斯: 0.5 %鄂尔多斯: 0.5 %重庆: 3.4 %重庆: 3.4 %金华: 1.1 %金华: 1.1 %铁岭: 0.9 %铁岭: 0.9 %铜川: 0.1 %铜川: 0.1 %铜陵: 1.6 %铜陵: 1.6 %银川: 0.1 %银川: 0.1 %锦州: 1.3 %锦州: 1.3 %长春: 0.1 %长春: 0.1 %长沙: 0.5 %长沙: 0.5 %雅安: 0.2 %雅安: 0.2 %鞍山: 2.2 %鞍山: 2.2 %韶关: 0.0 %韶关: 0.0 %马鞍山: 0.1 %马鞍山: 0.1 %驻马店: 0.0 %驻马店: 0.0 %鹰潭: 0.2 %鹰潭: 0.2 %黄山: 0.3 %黄山: 0.3 %黄石: 0.5 %黄石: 0.5 %黔西南: 0.4 %黔西南: 0.4 %齐齐哈尔: 0.0 %齐齐哈尔: 0.0 %其他其他ChinaSeattleUnited States[]三明三门峡上海东莞丽水乐山佛山保定信阳克拉玛依六安六盘水兴安兴安盟凉山彝族自治州包头北京北方邦南京南充南平南昌南通厦门台北台州合肥吉林呼和浩特咸阳哈尔滨哥伦布唐山商丘喀什嘉兴大连天津宁德宁波安庆安康宜春宣城宿迁山景城常德广元广安广州廊坊延安延边朝鲜族自治州张家口徐州德州德阳怀化成都扬州抚州抚顺拉贾斯坦邦无锡日照昆明普赖恩维尔朝阳杭州枣庄株洲榆林武汉汉中汕头池州沃思堡沈阳泉州泰州泸州济南海得拉巴淄博淮北淮安温州渭南湖州湘潭湘西湘西土家族苗族自治州滁州漯河漳州烟台白山盐城盘锦石嘴山石家庄福州科尼亚秦皇岛绍兴绵阳罗奥尔凯埃自贡舟山芒廷维尤芜湖芝加哥苏州荆门莆田营口葫芦岛蚌埠衡水衢州襄阳西宁西安西雅图许昌辽阳达州运城连云港通辽遵义邢台邵阳郑州郴州鄂尔多斯重庆金华铁岭铜川铜陵银川锦州长春长沙雅安鞍山韶关马鞍山驻马店鹰潭黄山黄石黔西南齐齐哈尔

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)  / Tables(3)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (2367) PDF downloads(60) Cited by(4)
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © Chinese Journal of Burns京ICP备07035254号-14

    E-mail：shaoshangzazhi@163.com

    Website：https://zhsszz.xml-journal.net/

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return