皮肤类器官：从三维构建到再生应用的新兴平台

冷泠; 肖仕初

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20260121-00039

皮肤类器官：从三维构建到再生应用的新兴平台

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20260121-00039

冷泠^1, ,,
肖仕初²

1.
中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院临床医学研究所,疑难重症及罕见病全国重点实验室,北京　100005
2.
海军军医大学第一附属医院烧创伤与创面修复科,全军烧伤研究所,中国医学科学院烧伤暨烧创复合伤救治关键技术创新单元,上海　200433

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 82572893

国家自然科学基金专项项目 82341079

国家重点研发计划 2024YFA1108400

北京市科技计划 Z231100007223009

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程医学健康领军科技人才养募专项 2023-I2M-3-002

北京协和医院中央高水平医院临床科研专项重点培训计划 2025-PUMCH-C-016

详细信息

通讯作者:
冷泠,Email：lengling@pumch.cn

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- HTML全文浏览量: 35
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-21

Skin organoids: an emerging platform from three-dimensional construction to regenerative application

Leng Ling^{1
, ,},
Xiao Shichu²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
2.
Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Trauma and Wound Repair, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 82572893

Special Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 82341079

National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFA1108400

Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission Z231100007223009

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2023-I2M-3-002

National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2025-PUMCH-C-016

More Information

Corresponding author: Leng Ling, Email: lengling@pumch.cn

摘要

摘要: 皮肤类器官是在三维培养体系中通过细胞自组织形成的、能够模拟皮肤组织结构与功能的体外模型。该文系统概述了皮肤类器官的研究进展与应用前景。根据复杂程度,皮肤类器官可分为表皮类器官、附属器类器官及全层皮肤类器官。皮肤类器官的构建高度依赖能够复刻组织特异性微环境的细胞外基质,以提供关键的物理支撑与生物化学信号。在构建技术上,天然与合成水凝胶支架及三维生物打印等工程化策略为类器官提供了可调控的物理化学与生物学支撑。在应用方面,皮肤类器官已被成功用于模拟皮肤发育、肿瘤、感染性及炎症性皮肤病等生理病理过程,并成为疾病机制解析与药物靶点筛选的重要平台。在创伤修复领域,类器官不仅能作为研究模型揭示愈合机制,还可作为移植单元促进再上皮化、血管生成、毛囊与汗腺再生,实现功能性的皮肤修复。尽管当前皮肤类器官在结构成熟度、血管化、免疫微环境整合及异质性等方面仍面临挑战,但随着基质生物学、器官芯片与自动化培养等技术的发展,其在再生医学、个性化治疗与转化应用中的潜力将不断拓展。
- 皮肤 /
- 类器官 /
- 细胞外基质 /
- 再生医学 /
- 组织工程 /
- 创伤修复 /
- 三维培养
Abstract: Skin organoids are three-dimensional, self-organized in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and function of skin tissue. This article comprehensively outlines the current progress and application prospects of skin organoids. Based on complexity, skin organoids can be classified into epidermal, appendage-specific, and full-thickness skin organoids. The construction of skin organoids highly depends on extracellular matrix capable of replicating tissue-specific microenvironment to provide essential physical scaffolding and biochemical cues. Construction strategies encompass natural/synthetic hydrogels scaffold and engineered approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting, which provide tunable physicochemical and biological support. In terms of applications, skin organoids have been widely used to model physiological and pathological processes, including skin development, tumors, and infectious and inflammatory skin diseases, serving as valuable platforms for studying disease mechanisms and screening drug targets. In the field of wound repair, organoids not only serve as research models to uncover healing mechanisms, but also act as transplantable units that promote re-epithelialization, vascularization, and the regeneration of hair follicles and sweat glands, thereby achieving functional skin restoration. Although skin organoids are currently still facing challenges in terms of structural maturity, vascularization, recapitulation of the immune microenvironment, and heterogeneity, their potential in regenerative medicine, personalized therapy, and translational applications will continue to expand with the advances of technologies such as matrix biology, organ-on-a-chip systems, and automated culture.
- Skin /
- organoids /
- Extracellular matrix /
- Regenerative medicine /
- Tissue engineering /
- Wound repair /
- Three-dimensional culture
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