Email Alerts
RSS
Volume 39 Issue 3
Mar.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  > 2023  >  39(3): 215-220
Tong L,Zhang WF,Han F,et al.Clinical effects of autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating urethra combined with scrotal flap in repairing middle urethral defect with penile defect[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2023,39(3):215-220.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221021-00465.
Citation: Tong L,Zhang WF,Han F,et al.Clinical effects of autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating urethra combined with scrotal flap in repairing middle urethral defect with penile defect[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2023,39(3):215-220.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221021-00465.
shu

Clinical effects of autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating urethra combined with scrotal flap in repairing middle urethral defect with penile defect

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221021-00465

  • Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 82272268

More Information
    Abstract
  •   Objective   To investigate the clinical effects of autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating urethra combined with scrotal flap in repairing middle urethral defect with penile defect.   Methods   The retrospective observational study was conducted. Eight male patients (aged 14 to 58 years) with middle urethral defect and penile defect caused by various injuries who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to January 2022. The length of urethral defect was 3 to 5 cm, and the wound area of penile defect after debridement was 5.0 cm×2.5 cm to 7.0 cm×5.5 cm. All the patients underwent autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating defect urethra in stage Ⅰ, and urethral anastomosis was performed and unilateral scrotal flap was transferred to reconstruct urethra and penis in stage Ⅱ. The area of scrotal flap was 6.0 cm×3.0 cm to 8.0 cm×6.0 cm. The wound in the donor area of skin graft was covered by oil gauze, and the wound of flap donor area was sutured directly. On the 7 th day after the operation of stage Ⅱ, the survival of the flap was observed. In 3 weeks after the operation of stage Ⅱ, the urinary flow rate was measured by the urinary flow rate detector (urinary flow rate >15 mL/s was regarded as unobstructed urination), the urinary fistula and erectile function were observed, and the self-made therapeutic satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the therapeutic satisfaction degree of patients. During follow-up, the appearance of the flap recipient area was observed, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the scar situation in the donor areas of skin graft and flap, the urinary flow rate was detected as before, the urethral stricture, urinary fistula, and erectile function were observed, and the therapeutic satisfaction degree of patients was investigated.   Results   On the 7 th day after the operation of stage Ⅱ, the flaps survived completely in 8 patients. In 3 weeks after the operation of stage Ⅱ, the urinary flow rate was 25.3 (18.0, 38.5) mL/s, with unobstructed urination, without urinary fistula and with erectile function, and the score of therapeutic satisfaction degree was 14.3 (14.0, 15.0). During follow-up of 1 to 7 years, the flap recipient area of 8 patients was full in appearance and not swollen, with similar color to the surrounding tissue; the VSS scores of the donor areas of skin graft and flap were 11.5 (10.0, 13.0) and 10.5 (9.3, 12.0), respectively, the urinary flow rate was 24.6 (17.7, 34.1) mL/s, with no urethral stricture, urinary fistula, and erectile dysfunction, and the score of therapeutic satisfaction degree was 13.5 (13.3, 14.8).   Conclusions   Autologous split-thickness skin grafting for prefabricating urethra combined with scrotal flap in repairing the urethral and penile defects not only reconstructs the structure of urethra and the shape of penis, but also restores the sensation and erectile function of penis, with few postoperative complications, no obvious scar hyperplasia, and high satisfaction degree of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References(27)
  • [1]
    马善金,张克英,李瑞晓,等.阴茎癌患者阴茎部分切除术后性功能状态的研究进展[J].临床泌尿外科杂志,2021,36(7):587-590.DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1420.2021.07.017.
    [2]
    ChenY,ZhangJ,JiC,et al.Modification of the Koyanagi technique for the single-stage repair of proximal hypospadias[J].Ann Plast Surg,2016,76(6):693-696.DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000345.
    [3]
    SrivastavaRK,TandaleMS,PanseN,et al.Management of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias surgery - an experience of thirty-five cases[J].Indian J Plast Surg,2011,44(1):98-103.DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.81456.
    [4]
    KimSJ,LeeJ,ParkCH,et al.Urethral defect due to periurethral abscess treated with a tunica vaginalis flap: a case report[J].Medicine (Baltimore),2018,97(46):e13249.DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013249.
    [5]
    SaY,WangL,LvR,et al.Transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty for the treatment of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects: a progressive surgical strategy[J].World J Urol,2021,39(12):4435-4441.DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03789-0.
    [6]
    AndrichDE,MundyAR.What is the best technique for urethroplasty?[J].Eur Urol,2008,54(5):1031-1041.DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.052.
    [7]
    PetersonAC,WebsterGD.Management of urethral stricture disease: developing options for surgical intervention[J].BJU Int,2004,94(7):971-976.DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.05088.x.
    [8]
    WongSS,AboumarzoukOM,NarahariR,et al.Simple urethral dilatation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease in adult men[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2012,12:CD006934.DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006934.
    [9]
    MoreyAF,WatkinN,ShenfeldO,et al.SIU/ICUD consultation on urethral strictures: anterior urethra--primary anastomosis[J].Urology,2014,83(3 Suppl):S23-26.DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.11.007.
    [10]
    PalmerDA,MarcelloPW,ZinmanLN,et al.Urethral reconstruction with rectal mucosa graft onlay: a novel, minimally invasive technique[J].J Urol,2016,196(3):782-786.DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.002.
    [11]
    XuYM, FuQ, SaYL, et al. Treatment of urethral strictures using lingual mucosas urethroplasty: experience of 92 cases[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2010, 123(4): 458-462.
    [12]
    ChappleC,AndrichD,AtalaA,et al.SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: the management of anterior urethral stricture disease using substitution urethroplasty[J].Urology,2014,83(3 Suppl):S31-47.DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.09.012.
    [13]
    HusseinMM,MoursyE,GamalW,et al.The use of penile skin graft versus penile skin flap in the repair of long bulbo-penile urethral stricture: a prospective randomized study[J].Urology,2011,77(5):1232-1237.DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.064.
    [14]
    杨宇,仇雄文,丁力,等.以胶原蛋白生物工程海绵为支架的自体微粒皮复合口腔黏膜移植在阴道狭窄再造中的应用[J].中国美容医学,2018,27(5):49-51.DOI: 10.15909/j.cnki.cn61-1347/r.002371.
    [15]
    木拉提·热夏提,王文光,拜合提亚·阿扎提,等.转移口腔粘膜治疗尿道下裂(附19例报告)[J].中华男科学杂志,2009,15(11):1017-1020.DOI: 10.13263/j.cnki.nja.2009.11.011.
    [16]
    DoganS.Comparison of self-conducted and assistant-super‐vised uroflowmetry methods[J].Cureus,2022,14(2):e22030.DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22030.
    [17]
    佟琳,胡晓龙,张万福,等.腹部带蒂皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损创面术后应用桥梁式持续负压吸引固定的临床效果[J].中华烧伤杂志,2021,37(11):1048-1053.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210204-00050.
    [18]
    蔡景龙.现代瘢痕学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:342.
    [19]
    XuYM,SongLJ,WangKJ,et al.Changing trends in the causes and management of male urethral stricture disease in China: an observational descriptive study from 13 centres[J].BJU Int,2015,116(6):938-944.DOI: 10.1111/bju.12945.
    [20]
    BarbagliG,SansaloneS,DjinovicR,et al.Current controversies in reconstructive surgery of the anterior urethra: a clinical overview[J].Int Braz J Urol,2012,38(3):307-316; discussion 316.DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382012000300003.
    [21]
    SharmaAK,ChandrashekarR,KeshavamurthyR,et al.Lingual versus buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture: a prospective comparative analysis[J].Int J Urol,2013,20(12):1199-1203.DOI: 10.1111/iju.12158.
    [22]
    任祯涛,张潍平.尿道下裂手术中覆盖材料的研究进展[J].临床小儿外科杂志,2022,21(1):30-35.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202009034-006.
    [23]
    李养群,李森恺,刘晓吉,等.口腔黏膜卷管分期修复幼儿期先天性尿道下裂[J].中华整形外科杂志,2011,27(1):4-7.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-4598.2011.01.002.
    [24]
    ZhaoM,LiY,TangY,et al.Two-stage repair with buccal mucosa for severe and complicated hypospadias in adults[J].Int J Urol,2011,18(2):155-161.DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02684.x.
    [25]
    MundyAR.Failed hypospadias repair presenting in adults[J].Eur Urol,2006,49(5):774-776.DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.02.015.
    [26]
    陈雷振.预制自体组织皮管在尿道修复与重建中的应用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009,13(28):5571-5574.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2009.28.036.
    [27]
    ArnaudA,HarperL,AulagneMB,et al.Choosing a technique for severe hypospadias[J].Afr J Paediatr Surg,2011,8(3):286-290.DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.91668.
    • Relative Articles

  • Relative Articles

    [1]Long Luyao, Chen Yanwei, Deng Rufei, Jiang Zhenyu, Zhang Youlai. Application and research advances of delayed sural neurotrophic vascular flap for diabetic foot ulcers[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(3): 296-300. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231102-00173
    [2]Guo Xiaofeng, Deng Xinxin, Huang Zhihu, Xue Mingyu, Bu Fanyu. Effects of pedicled flap combined with membrane induction technique in repairing foot and ankle wounds in diabetic patients[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(4): 325-329. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221212-00534
    [3]Wei Zairong, Jian Yang. Discussion on surgical treatment mode of diabetic foot wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(4): 305-310. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230213-00044
    [4]Dou Xuejiao, Wang Haiying, Chen Wei, Zhou Jian, Wei Zairong. Prospective study on the influence of dobutamine on blood perfusion in free flap repair of diabetic foot wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(8): 746-752. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221220-00543
    [5]Huang Shaobin, Hu Zhicheng, Zhang Yi, Tang Bing, Wang Peng, Xu Hailin, Wang Zhiyong, Dong Yunxian, Cheng Pu, Rong Yanchao, Wu Jun, Zhu Jiayuan. Effects and mechanisms of allogeneic epidermal stem cells on the survival of allogeneic full-thickness skin grafts in nude mice with full-thickness skin defect wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(11): 1061-1069. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200704-00339
    [6]Rong Xiangke, Wang Kai, Wang Tong, Yang Jizhong, Ding Jianke, Dang Juanli, Yu Zhou, Yi Chenggang. Explorative study of the immobilizing effect of full-thickness skin subcutaneous grafting on allogeneic full-thickness skin graft in rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(10): 987-989. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200801-00365
    [7]Li Xueli, Jiang Lei, Huang Yong, Che Haijie. One patient with poor healing of sinus after implant of vascular prosthesis due to infected abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with negative pressure wound therapy combined with local flap[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(2): 133-136. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2020.02.010
    [10]Gao Ya, Cui Zhengjun, Shi Xun, Guo Pengfei, Meng Qingnan, Yang Gaoyuan, Yang Rongqiang. Application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the surgical treatment of patients with diabetic feet[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2016, 32(8): 479-483. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.08.008
    [12]ZUO Hai-bin, PENG Dai-zhi, ZHENG Bi-xiang, CHEN Bo, LIU Xiao-ling, WANG Yong, ZHOU Ling. Effect of particulate allogeneic acellular dermal matrix （PADM） combined with autologous splitthickness skin （STS） on wound healing in rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2011, 27(1): 10-15. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2011.01.005
    [13]PAN Yun-chuan, XU Jia-qin, YUAN Su, LIANG Zun-hong, CHEN Si-huan, CHEN Ru-mei, LIN Si-yan. Follow-up review on the long-term effect of composite transplantation of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and split thickness skin autograft[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2010, 26(6): 439-443. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2010.06.012
    [14]HUANG Bo-gao, LIAO Zhen-jiang, ZHANG Qin, DOU Yi. Comparison between intermingled skin transplantation and microskin grafting in repairing massive deep burn[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2009, 25(6): 448-450. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2009.06.017
    [15]LIU Shun-li, PENG Yi-zhi, LI Xiao-lu, YUAN Zhi-qiang, LUO Gao-xing, ZHANG Jia-ping, TANG Jin, YAN Hong. Clinical study on the repair of extensive deep burn wounds with autogenous fat granules and autologous microskin grafts in mixed grafting[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2008, 24(2): 122-125.
    [16]ZHANG Ming- liang. Retrospection and future of microskin grafting[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2008, 24(5): 343-345.
    [17]HUANG Xiao-yuan. Application of skin flaps transplantation in bum surgery in China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2008, 24(5): 352-354.
    [18]LI Chuan-ji, WU Shao-jun, LI Jun, GAO Hua, ZHANG Long. Clinical observation of xenoskin to cover microskin graft in the treatment of patients with deep burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2006, 22(6): 456-457.
    [19]ZHU Jia-yuan, ZHU Bin, LI Xin-qiang, TANG Bing, ZHONG Zhan-fang, CHEN Dong, ZHANG Wei. Observation of the effect of the mixed composite skin graft on deep partial thickness burn wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2005, 21(1): 21-23.
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-042024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-030510152025
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 6.1 %FULLTEXT: 6.1 %META: 90.7 %META: 90.7 %PDF: 3.1 %PDF: 3.1 %FULLTEXTMETAPDF
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 2.8 %其他: 2.8 %三门峡: 0.1 %三门峡: 0.1 %上海: 1.5 %上海: 1.5 %东营: 0.2 %东营: 0.2 %丽水: 0.7 %丽水: 0.7 %乐山: 0.4 %乐山: 0.4 %剑桥: 0.1 %剑桥: 0.1 %包头: 0.4 %包头: 0.4 %北京: 0.3 %北京: 0.3 %南京: 0.8 %南京: 0.8 %南平: 0.4 %南平: 0.4 %南昌: 0.3 %南昌: 0.3 %南通: 0.5 %南通: 0.5 %南阳: 0.1 %南阳: 0.1 %厦门: 0.5 %厦门: 0.5 %台州: 1.9 %台州: 1.9 %合肥: 0.1 %合肥: 0.1 %吉林: 0.1 %吉林: 0.1 %咸阳: 0.7 %咸阳: 0.7 %哈尔滨: 1.2 %哈尔滨: 1.2 %哥伦布: 0.1 %哥伦布: 0.1 %唐山: 1.3 %唐山: 1.3 %嘉兴: 1.6 %嘉兴: 1.6 %大连: 1.6 %大连: 1.6 %天津: 0.2 %天津: 0.2 %太原: 0.3 %太原: 0.3 %宁德: 0.7 %宁德: 0.7 %宁波: 0.4 %宁波: 0.4 %安庆: 0.1 %安庆: 0.1 %安康: 1.1 %安康: 1.1 %宜春: 0.1 %宜春: 0.1 %宿迁: 1.1 %宿迁: 1.1 %密蘇里城: 0.4 %密蘇里城: 0.4 %常德: 0.9 %常德: 0.9 %广元: 1.1 %广元: 1.1 %广安: 0.3 %广安: 0.3 %广州: 3.3 %广州: 3.3 %廊坊: 0.6 %廊坊: 0.6 %延安: 3.8 %延安: 3.8 %张家口: 0.9 %张家口: 0.9 %徐州: 1.2 %徐州: 1.2 %德州: 0.4 %德州: 0.4 %德阳: 0.2 %德阳: 0.2 %扬州: 0.3 %扬州: 0.3 %抚州: 2.5 %抚州: 2.5 %抚顺: 0.7 %抚顺: 0.7 %新加坡: 0.4 %新加坡: 0.4 %无锡: 0.7 %无锡: 0.7 %日照: 0.4 %日照: 0.4 %昆明: 0.6 %昆明: 0.6 %朝阳: 0.1 %朝阳: 0.1 %杭州: 1.2 %杭州: 1.2 %枣庄: 0.1 %枣庄: 0.1 %柳州: 0.1 %柳州: 0.1 %株洲: 0.3 %株洲: 0.3 %梧州: 0.4 %梧州: 0.4 %榆林: 1.9 %榆林: 1.9 %汕头: 0.8 %汕头: 0.8 %池州: 0.2 %池州: 0.2 %沈阳: 0.3 %沈阳: 0.3 %泰州: 0.1 %泰州: 0.1 %泸州: 0.7 %泸州: 0.7 %洛阳: 0.2 %洛阳: 0.2 %济南: 1.4 %济南: 1.4 %海得拉巴: 0.3 %海得拉巴: 0.3 %淮北: 0.3 %淮北: 0.3 %淮南: 0.1 %淮南: 0.1 %淮安: 0.4 %淮安: 0.4 %温州: 1.1 %温州: 1.1 %渭南: 0.6 %渭南: 0.6 %湖州: 1.2 %湖州: 1.2 %湘潭: 0.5 %湘潭: 0.5 %湘西: 0.8 %湘西: 0.8 %滨州: 0.9 %滨州: 0.9 %漳州: 1.2 %漳州: 1.2 %潍坊: 0.2 %潍坊: 0.2 %烟台: 0.4 %烟台: 0.4 %盐城: 0.3 %盐城: 0.3 %盘锦: 0.4 %盘锦: 0.4 %石家庄: 1.3 %石家庄: 1.3 %福州: 0.5 %福州: 0.5 %秦皇岛: 0.8 %秦皇岛: 0.8 %绍兴: 1.1 %绍兴: 1.1 %绵阳: 1.0 %绵阳: 1.0 %自贡: 0.2 %自贡: 0.2 %芒廷维尤: 13.3 %芒廷维尤: 13.3 %芜湖: 0.5 %芜湖: 0.5 %芝加哥: 0.1 %芝加哥: 0.1 %苏州: 1.3 %苏州: 1.3 %荆门: 1.5 %荆门: 1.5 %莆田: 0.4 %莆田: 0.4 %菏泽: 0.6 %菏泽: 0.6 %萍乡: 0.1 %萍乡: 0.1 %营口: 0.4 %营口: 0.4 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %衡水: 0.3 %衡水: 0.3 %衢州: 0.3 %衢州: 0.3 %襄阳: 0.9 %襄阳: 0.9 %西宁: 1.0 %西宁: 1.0 %西安: 4.2 %西安: 4.2 %赤峰: 0.2 %赤峰: 0.2 %辽阳: 0.8 %辽阳: 0.8 %运城: 0.2 %运城: 0.2 %连云港: 1.2 %连云港: 1.2 %邵阳: 0.2 %邵阳: 0.2 %郑州: 0.4 %郑州: 0.4 %郴州: 1.7 %郴州: 1.7 %重庆: 2.3 %重庆: 2.3 %金华: 1.4 %金华: 1.4 %铁岭: 1.2 %铁岭: 1.2 %铜陵: 1.2 %铜陵: 1.2 %长沙: 0.3 %长沙: 0.3 %雅安: 0.4 %雅安: 0.4 %青岛: 0.2 %青岛: 0.2 %鞍山: 0.4 %鞍山: 0.4 %首尔: 0.1 %首尔: 0.1 %驻马店: 0.1 %驻马店: 0.1 %鹰潭: 0.4 %鹰潭: 0.4 %黄山: 0.5 %黄山: 0.5 %黄石: 0.1 %黄石: 0.1 %黔西南: 0.7 %黔西南: 0.7 %其他三门峡上海东营丽水乐山剑桥包头北京南京南平南昌南通南阳厦门台州合肥吉林咸阳哈尔滨哥伦布唐山嘉兴大连天津太原宁德宁波安庆安康宜春宿迁密蘇里城常德广元广安广州廊坊延安张家口徐州德州德阳扬州抚州抚顺新加坡无锡日照昆明朝阳杭州枣庄柳州株洲梧州榆林汕头池州沈阳泰州泸州洛阳济南海得拉巴淮北淮南淮安温州渭南湖州湘潭湘西滨州漳州潍坊烟台盐城盘锦石家庄福州秦皇岛绍兴绵阳自贡芒廷维尤芜湖芝加哥苏州荆门莆田菏泽萍乡营口葫芦岛衡水衢州襄阳西宁西安赤峰辽阳运城连云港邵阳郑州郴州重庆金华铁岭铜陵长沙雅安青岛鞍山首尔驻马店鹰潭黄山黄石黔西南

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (1016) PDF downloads(35) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © Chinese Journal of Burns京ICP备07035254号-14

    E-mail：shaoshangzazhi@163.com

    Website：https://zhsszz.xml-journal.net/

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return