Email Alerts
RSS
Volume 39 Issue 11
Nov.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  > 2023  >  39(11): 1006-1013
Han C,Ji P,Shang YG,et al.Epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children with burns and the establishment and verification of a risk prediction model[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2023,39(11):1006-1013.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230812-00046.
Citation: Han C,Ji P,Shang YG,et al.Epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children with burns and the establishment and verification of a risk prediction model[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2023,39(11):1006-1013.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230812-00046.
shu

Epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children with burns and the establishment and verification of a risk prediction model

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230812-00046
  • 1.

    Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China

  • 2.

    Department of Wound Repair, Center for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 82272269

More Information
    Abstract
  •   Objective   To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with burns who developed nosocomial infection, and screen their independent risk factors, based on which, a risk prediction model was established and evaluated.   Methods   A retrospective cohort study was conducted. From May 2010 to April 2023, 417 children with burns who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, including 248 males and 169 females, aged ≤14 years. Statistics on the composition and source distribution of pathogenic bacteria in children were detected. According to the occurrence of nosocomial infection, the children were divided into infected group (216 cases) and uninfected group (201 cases), and the children gender, age, total area of burns, presence of full-thickness burns, cause of the injury, and season of the injury of the children in the 2 groups were collected, as well as presence of an abnormal serum albumin level, delayed resuscitation, combination of inhalation injury at admission, and early shock, tracheotomy, admission to the intensive care unit, and deep venous catheterization after post-hospitalization, and more or less times (>2 times being more and ≤2 times being less) of surgeries, indwelling catheter days, and length of hospitalization stay on post-hospitalization. The burned children were divided into modeling group (291 cases) and validation group (126 cases) according to the ratio of 7∶3, and the data of the 2 groups were recorded as before. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact probability test. The least absolute value selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to reduce the risk factors of nosocomial infection in the children in modeling group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further screen the above screened risk factors, and the nomogram prediction model was drawn based on the further screened independent risk factors. The Bootstrap method was used for internal validation of the aforementioned predictive models, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and clinical decision curves of the predictive models were plotted in modeling group and validation group in order to assess its discriminative power, calibration, and clinical utility, respectively.   Results   A total of 245 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, with Staphylococcus aureus (101 strains, accounting for 41%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (54 strains, accounting for 22%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (33 strains, accounting for 13%) dominating, and the wound secretions were the most frequent source of pathogenic bacteria (211 strains, accounting for 86%), followed by blood (10 strains, accounting for 4%), and sputum (5 strains, accounting for 2%). There were statistically significant differences between infected group and non-infected group in the total burn area, indwelling catheter days, length of hospitalization stay, presence of full-thickness burns, combined with inhalation injury, and deep vein catheterization, and more or less times of surgeries (with Zvalues of -2.32, -3.29, and -3.85, respectively, with χ 2 values of 26.36, 7.03, 10.13, and 10.53, respectively, P<0.05); there was statistically significant difference in cause of the injury between the two groups ( P<0.05). All clinical characteristics of children with burns in the modeling and validation groups were similar ( P>0.05). The six risk factors obtained from the LASSO regression analysis were full-thickness burns, deep vein catheterization, abnormal serum albumin level, multiple surgeries, indwelling catheter days, and length of hospitalization stay; the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-thickness burns, abnormal serum albumin level, deep vein catheterization, and multiple surgeries were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of nosocomial infection in burned children (with odds ratios of 2.27, 2.66, 4.08, and 2.92, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 1.22-4.21, 1.03-6.87, 1.07-15.49, and 1.15-7.42, respectively, P<0.05). The ROC curves of the prediction models showed that, the areas under the ROC curves of the modeling and validation groups were 0.81 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.78-0.84) and 0.81 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.76-0.85), respectively; the calibration curves showed that, the calibration curves of the prediction models of modeling and validation groups were around the ideal curves; the clinical decision curves showed that, the threshold probability values of the prediction models in modeling and validation groups were in the ranges of 5% to 70% and 1% to 46%, respectively.   Conclusions   The main pathogen of infection in children with burns is Staphylococcus aureus from wound secretions. A nomogram risk prediction model constructed based on independent risk factors such as full-thickness burns, abnormal serum albumin level, deep venous catheterization, and multiple surgeries has good accuracy and can be easily used to predict the occurrence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized children with burns.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References(21)
  • [1]
    ErdoğanH, SencanA. Analysis of the epidemiological features and treatment results of burn injuries in a burn center in Turkey[J]. J Burn Care Res, 2023:irad119. DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad119.
    [2]
    潘选良, 朱志康, 沈涛, 等. 特重度烧伤患者发生脓毒症与死亡的流行病学特点和危险因素[J].中华烧伤与创面修复杂志,2023,39(6):558-564. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220806-00336.
    [3]
    潘艳艳, 徐思达, 范友芬, 等. 特重度烧伤患者早期肠内营养不耐受的危险因素分析[J].中华烧伤杂志,2021,37(9):831-838. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210511-00180.
    [4]
    ChenK, LiuJ, WangX, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn patients in China from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study[J]. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2023, 7(1):e001796. DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796.
    [5]
    YaoY, MaL, ChenL. Characteristics of injury mechanisms in children and differences between urban and rural areas in central China[J]. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2023,DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02320-x.
    [6]
    陈华桂, 周秀萍. 儿童烧伤患者感染MRSA的耐药性及分子流行病学研究[J].国际检验医学杂志,2014(3):299-300,303. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2014.03.019.
    [7]
    秦小锋, 赵宇辉. 大面积严重烧伤住院患者流行病学分析[J/CD].中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版),2021,16(5):417-426. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1673-9450.2021.05.008.
    [8]
    ZhuZ, KongW, WangH, et al. Prevalence and predictors of scar contracture-associated re-hospitalisation among burn inpatients in China[J]. Sci Rep, 2021,11(1):14973. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94432-w.
    [9]
    中华人民共和国卫生部. 医院感染诊断标准(试行)[J].中华医学杂志,2001,81(5):314-320. DOI: 10.3760/j:issn:0376-2491.2001.05.027.
    [10]
    李惠春, 丁圣刚, 卜笑松, 等. 儿童患者耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学特征及耐药性分析[J].安徽医科大学学报,2019,54(4):651-655. DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2019.04.030.
    [11]
    孙伟晶, 姚兴伟, 陈向军. 内蒙古地区1328例儿童烧伤流行病学调查[J].中华烧伤杂志,2012,28(3):229-230. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2012.03.021.
    [12]
    朱光君, 张宏, 朱立强, 等. 山西北部地区儿童热液烫伤流行病学调查[J].中国病案,2013,14(6):50-52. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2566.2013.06.026.
    [13]
    刘敏, 姚志慧, 白玉洁, 等. 2016-2018年某基层医院医院感染率调查[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2020,30(12):1899-1904. DOI: 10.11816/cn.ni.2020-191838.
    [14]
    RuanJ, XiM, XieW. Analysis of 12,661 pediatric burns in Wuhan institute of burns: a retrospective study of fifteen years[J]. Burns, 2021, 47(8):1915-1921. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.02.021.
    [15]
    ChenK, LiuJ, WangX, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn patients in China from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study[J]. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2023, 7(1):e001796. DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796.
    [16]
    NakhaieS, SoboutiB, SalehiSH, et al. The role of serum albumin level during hospitalization as a predictor of complications and mortality in children with burns[J]. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 2023,37:41. DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.41.
    [17]
    YangY, ZhangX, ZhangJ, et al. Prediction models of surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery: a nationwide prospective cohort study[J/OL]. Int J Surg, (2023-10-05)[2023-11-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37800568/.DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000808.[published online ahead of print].
    [18]
    SheridanRL, WeberJM. Mechanical and infectious complications of central venous cannulation in children: lessons learned from a 10-year experience placing more than 1000 catheters[J]. J Burn Care Res, 2006,27(5):713-718. DOI: 10.1097/01.BCR.0000238087.12064.E0.
    [19]
    GuanW, GongC, WuS, et al. Instant protection spray for anti-infection and accelerated healing of empyrosis[J]. Adv Mater, 2023:e2306589. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306589.
    [20]
    CapoorMR, SarabahiS, TiwariVK, et al. Fungal infections in burns: diagnosis and management[J]. Indian J Plast Surg, 2010,43(Suppl):S37-42. DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.70718.
    [21]
    中国老年医学学会烧创伤分会. 烧伤儿童心理康复治疗全国专家共识(2020版)[J].中华烧伤杂志,2020,36(11):987-992. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200623-00321.
    • Relative Articles

  • Relative Articles

    [1]Zheng Xinxin, Kong Ling'ai, Lyu Rang, Xu Caijuan. Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with perineal and/or hip burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(3): 289-295. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231027-00138
    [2]Ma Qimin, Tang Wenbin, Li Xiaojian, Chang Fei, Yin Xi, Chen Zhaohong, Wu Guohua, Xia Chengde, Li Xiaoliang, Wang Deyun, Chu Zhigang, Zhang Yi, Wang Lei, Wu Choulang, Tong Yalin, Cui Pei, Guo Guanghua, Zhu Zhihao, Huang Shengyu, Chang Liu, Liu Rui, Liu Yongji, Wang Yusong, Liu Xiaobin, Shen Tuo, Zhu Feng. Multicenter retrospect analysis of early clinical features and analysis of risk factors on prognosis of elderly patients with severe burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(3): 249-257. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230808-00042
    [3]Jiang Nanhong, Xie Weiguo, Wang Deyun, Chu Zhigang, Xi Maomao, Zhou Jinxiu, Li Feng. Analysis of risk factors for atrial fibrillation in adult patients with critically severe burns after the first surgery[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(9): 857-865. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240329-00111
    [4]Jiang Shengpan, Gao Xiaoqing, Luan Xiagang, Tan Yiqing. Establishment and validation of a risk prediction model for pulmonary embolism in severe burn patients[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(12): 1114-1122. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240122-00028
    [5]Pan Xuanliang, Zhu Zhikang, Shen Tao, Jin Fang, Wang Xingang, Yin Jun, Han Chunmao. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of sepsis development and death in patients with extremely severe burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(6): 558-564. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220806-00336
    [6]Chen Nuo, Xi Maomao, Ruan Qiongfang, Chu Zhigang, Zhang Wei, Zhang Jinli, Xie Weiguo. Risk factors of early myocardial injury and the impact of early myocardial injury on prognosis of patients with extensive burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(5): 417-423. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230308-00074
    [7]Li Yanguang, Chang Shuailei, Xie Jiangfan, Ye Xiangyang, Wang Lei, Li Yancang, Li Yun, Li Xiaoliang. Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of death in critical burn patients complicated with invasive fungal infection[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(7): 618-624. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230415-00127
    [8]Tang Wenbin, Chen Bin, Ou Shali, Li Xinying, Xiao Kui, Wang Sisi, Li Xiaojian. Analysis of the risk factors of persistent inflammation-immunosuppression-catabolism syndrome in patients with extensive burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(4): 350-355. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220214-00028
    [9]Chen Bin, Tang Wenbin, Li Xiaojian, Ou Shali, Li Xinying, Xiao Kui, Wang Sisi. Analysis of the clinical characteristics and risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with critical burns[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(5): 408-414. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220214-00026
    [10]Wang Hua, Zhao Peng, Sun Dan, Wu Xing, Yuan Qinfang, Wang Kewei. Epidemiological characteristics and the establishment and evaluation of a risk prediction model for nosocomial infection in burn patients[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(12): 1170-1178. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220214-00025
    [11]Ren Haitao, Chen Huaqing, Han Chunmao. Establishment of a predictive model for acute respiratory distress syndrome and analysis of its predictive value in critical burn patients[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(4): 333-339. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200301-00109
    [12]Zhang Wei, Zhang Junfeng, Wang Mi, Xia Chengde, Wang Lijie, Liu Baohui, Di Haiping, Xue Jidong, Lou Jihe. Occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in adult burn patients and its risk factors[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(1): 54-57. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2020.01.010
    [13]Fang He, Xu Long, Zhu Feng. Advances in the research of persistent inflammation-immunosuppression-catabolism syndrome in severe burn[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(7): 548-551. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.07.015
    [14]Ren Haitao, Han Chunmao, Zhang Jingjing, Hu Hang, Zhang Rong. Epidemiological investigation of burn patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the analysis of risk factors for sepsis in them[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(6): 456-458. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.06.011
    [15]Wu Jing, Zhang Qin, Liu Jian, Tang Jiajun, Zheng Jiexin. Influencing factors and clinical significance of severe hypocalcemia in patients with extremely severe burns in early stage[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2018, 34(4): 203-207. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2018.04.003
    [16]Gao Fengying, Xi Yaofeng, Zheng Mingxia, Qiao Fen. Prevalence of deep venous thrombosis in burn patients and its influencing factors[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2016, 32(3): 176-180. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.03.010
    [17]Fang Li, Wang Fan, Sun Kedai, Zhou Tao, Gong Yali, Peng Yizhi. Analysis on the prevalence of central venous catheter-related infection in burn patients and its risk factors[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2016, 32(4): 243-248. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.04.013
    [19]SHI Miao-miao, ZHAO Dong-mei, WANG Qiang, CHENG Jun, MA Tai, XU Yuan-hong, XU Qing-lian, LI Jia-bin. Analysis of drug resistance and risk factors of Enterobacteriaceae in burn units[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2010, 26(3): 199-201. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2010.03.009
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-042024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-03050100150200250
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 13.1 %FULLTEXT: 13.1 %META: 81.8 %META: 81.8 %PDF: 5.1 %PDF: 5.1 %FULLTEXTMETAPDF
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 5.1 %其他: 5.1 %其他: 0.5 %其他: 0.5 %Ataturk: 0.6 %Ataturk: 0.6 %China: 0.2 %China: 0.2 %Rochester: 0.2 %Rochester: 0.2 %United States: 0.2 %United States: 0.2 %[]: 0.2 %[]: 0.2 %三门峡: 0.3 %三门峡: 0.3 %上海: 0.8 %上海: 0.8 %东京: 0.2 %东京: 0.2 %东莞: 0.2 %东莞: 0.2 %乌鲁木齐: 0.2 %乌鲁木齐: 0.2 %伊兹密尔: 0.6 %伊兹密尔: 0.6 %伦敦: 0.5 %伦敦: 0.5 %兰州: 0.2 %兰州: 0.2 %包头: 0.5 %包头: 0.5 %北京: 2.4 %北京: 2.4 %十堰: 0.2 %十堰: 0.2 %南京: 0.3 %南京: 0.3 %南充: 0.2 %南充: 0.2 %南宁: 0.2 %南宁: 0.2 %南平: 0.8 %南平: 0.8 %南昌: 0.5 %南昌: 0.5 %厦门: 0.3 %厦门: 0.3 %合肥: 1.3 %合肥: 1.3 %吉兰丹州: 0.3 %吉兰丹州: 0.3 %吉林: 0.5 %吉林: 0.5 %吉隆坡: 0.2 %吉隆坡: 0.2 %咸阳: 1.6 %咸阳: 1.6 %哥伦布: 0.2 %哥伦布: 0.2 %嘉兴: 0.6 %嘉兴: 0.6 %夏延: 0.3 %夏延: 0.3 %大连: 1.1 %大连: 1.1 %天津: 0.8 %天津: 0.8 %太原: 0.3 %太原: 0.3 %宁德: 0.6 %宁德: 0.6 %宁波: 0.3 %宁波: 0.3 %安康: 0.8 %安康: 0.8 %安顺: 0.2 %安顺: 0.2 %宿迁: 0.3 %宿迁: 0.3 %山景城: 0.2 %山景城: 0.2 %常州: 0.2 %常州: 0.2 %广元: 0.2 %广元: 0.2 %广安: 0.3 %广安: 0.3 %广州: 4.1 %广州: 4.1 %延边: 0.3 %延边: 0.3 %张家口: 0.3 %张家口: 0.3 %徐州: 0.2 %徐州: 0.2 %得梅因: 0.3 %得梅因: 0.3 %德阳: 0.2 %德阳: 0.2 %成都: 0.2 %成都: 0.2 %扬州: 0.3 %扬州: 0.3 %抚州: 1.1 %抚州: 1.1 %昆明: 1.3 %昆明: 1.3 %朝阳: 1.4 %朝阳: 1.4 %杭州: 0.8 %杭州: 0.8 %桂林: 0.2 %桂林: 0.2 %梧州: 0.3 %梧州: 0.3 %榆林: 0.5 %榆林: 0.5 %武汉: 0.2 %武汉: 0.2 %沈阳: 1.0 %沈阳: 1.0 %泰州: 0.6 %泰州: 0.6 %泸州: 0.3 %泸州: 0.3 %洛阳: 0.2 %洛阳: 0.2 %济南: 0.8 %济南: 0.8 %海口: 0.3 %海口: 0.3 %淮北: 1.0 %淮北: 1.0 %温州: 0.6 %温州: 0.6 %渭南: 1.1 %渭南: 1.1 %湖州: 1.3 %湖州: 1.3 %漯河: 0.3 %漯河: 0.3 %漳州: 1.0 %漳州: 1.0 %潍坊: 0.3 %潍坊: 0.3 %珠海: 0.5 %珠海: 0.5 %石家庄: 1.0 %石家庄: 1.0 %福州: 1.4 %福州: 1.4 %秦皇岛: 0.8 %秦皇岛: 0.8 %绍兴: 0.5 %绍兴: 0.5 %自贡: 0.3 %自贡: 0.3 %舟山: 0.2 %舟山: 0.2 %芒廷维尤: 22.6 %芒廷维尤: 22.6 %芜湖: 0.2 %芜湖: 0.2 %芝加哥: 1.4 %芝加哥: 1.4 %苏州: 0.2 %苏州: 0.2 %苏黎世: 0.5 %苏黎世: 0.5 %荆门: 1.3 %荆门: 1.3 %莆田: 0.2 %莆田: 0.2 %营口: 0.2 %营口: 0.2 %蚌埠: 0.5 %蚌埠: 0.5 %衢州: 0.5 %衢州: 0.5 %襄阳: 1.1 %襄阳: 1.1 %西宁: 0.6 %西宁: 0.6 %西安: 3.2 %西安: 3.2 %贵阳: 0.2 %贵阳: 0.2 %辽阳: 1.1 %辽阳: 1.1 %连云港: 0.3 %连云港: 0.3 %遵义: 0.2 %遵义: 0.2 %郑州: 0.8 %郑州: 0.8 %重庆: 9.3 %重庆: 9.3 %金华: 0.2 %金华: 0.2 %铁岭: 1.1 %铁岭: 1.1 %锦州: 0.2 %锦州: 0.2 %长沙: 0.8 %长沙: 0.8 %雅加达: 0.2 %雅加达: 0.2 %青岛: 0.2 %青岛: 0.2 %鞍山: 2.7 %鞍山: 2.7 %香港: 0.2 %香港: 0.2 %黄山: 0.2 %黄山: 0.2 %其他其他AtaturkChinaRochesterUnited States[]三门峡上海东京东莞乌鲁木齐伊兹密尔伦敦兰州包头北京十堰南京南充南宁南平南昌厦门合肥吉兰丹州吉林吉隆坡咸阳哥伦布嘉兴夏延大连天津太原宁德宁波安康安顺宿迁山景城常州广元广安广州延边张家口徐州得梅因德阳成都扬州抚州昆明朝阳杭州桂林梧州榆林武汉沈阳泰州泸州洛阳济南海口淮北温州渭南湖州漯河漳州潍坊珠海石家庄福州秦皇岛绍兴自贡舟山芒廷维尤芜湖芝加哥苏州苏黎世荆门莆田营口蚌埠衢州襄阳西宁西安贵阳辽阳连云港遵义郑州重庆金华铁岭锦州长沙雅加达青岛鞍山香港黄山

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(4)  / Tables(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (512) PDF downloads(31) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © Chinese Journal of Burns京ICP备07035254号-14

    E-mail：shaoshangzazhi@163.com

    Website：https://zhsszz.xml-journal.net/

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return