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Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  >  > Accepted Manuscript
Ding Wei,Liu Xiangkun,Cheng Shaowen,et al.Anatomical characteristics of the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery and its efficacy in anterior knee wound reconstruction in elderly patients[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2026,42(9):1-9.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20250729-00332.
Citation: Ding Wei,Liu Xiangkun,Cheng Shaowen,et al.Anatomical characteristics of the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery and its efficacy in anterior knee wound reconstruction in elderly patients[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2026,42(9):1-9.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20250729-00332.
shu

Anatomical characteristics of the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery and its efficacy in anterior knee wound reconstruction in elderly patients

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20250729-00332
  • 1.

    Department of Wound Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Department of Wound Repair, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Science Foundation Project 82260373

Major Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education 2025AHGXZK20242

More Information
  • Corresponding author: Chi Zhenglin, Email: 57699788@qq.com
  • Received Date: 2025-07-29
    Available Online: 2026-09-09
    Abstract
  •   Objective  To investigate the anatomical characteristics of the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery and its efficacy in repairing anterior knee wounds in elderly patients.  Methods  This study consisted of an invasive observational study and a retrospective case series study. From April to July 2018, the anatomical study was conducted on the lower limb specimens from 5 voluntarily donated adult cadavers (4 males and 1 female, aged 52-71 years) obtained from the Department of Clinical Anatomy of Wannan Medical University. Fine dissections were performed on both lower limbs of each of the 5 cadavers. The origin, external diameter at the origin, length, and vertical distance from the origin to the medial femoral epicondyle of the descending genicular artery, as well as the origin, external diameter at the origin, and intermuscular course length of its saphenous branch, were observed and recorded. From August 2018 to October 2024, 19 elderly patients (12 males and 7 females, aged 60-78 years) with anterior knee wounds meeting the inclusion criteria were treated at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical University. The wound sizes after debridement ranged from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 15.0 cm×7.5 cm. All wounds were repaired using the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery, with flap sizes ranging from 6.0 cm×5.0 cm to 16.0 cm×8.5 cm. All donor site wounds were directly sutured. Postoperative assessments included flap survival, wound healing in the donor and recipient sites, and follow-up evaluations of flap texture and appearance, scar formation in the donor and recipient sites. At the last follow-up, two-point discrimination distance of the flap was measured and graded according to the trial standards for evaluation of partial function of upper extremity by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, and knee function was evaluated and graded using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Short Form.  Results  In the 10 lower limb specimens, the descending genicular artery always originated from the femoral artery, with an external diameter of (2.00±0.30) mm at its origin, a length of (0.8±0.3) cm, and a vertical distance of (12.5±0.8) cm from its origin to the medial femoral epicondyle. The saphenous branch originated from the descending genicular artery in 8 lower limb specimens and from the femoral artery in 2 lower limb specimens. The saphenous branch had an external diameter of (1.20±0.20) mm at its origin and an intermuscular course length of (10.0±0.8) cm. All flaps survived uneventfully after surgery, and both donor and recipient sites healed well. During a follow-up period of 6 to 12 months, the flaps closely matched the recipient site in texture, color, and thickness, and only linear scars exhibited in the donor and recipient sites. At the last follow-up, the two-point discrimination was graded as S4 in 7 cases and S3+ in 12 cases; the knee function was rated as excellent in 11 cases, good in 6 cases, and poor in 2 cases.  Conclusions  The descending genicular artery and its saphenous branch have a high occurrence rate and a constant anatomical position, with vascular pedicle length and external diameter well-suited for flap harvesting and transfer. The application of the saphenous branch flap with the descending genicular artery for anterior knee wound repair can achieve satisfactory recovery of donor and recipient site appearance, flap sensation, and knee joint function, making it a suitable option for anterior knee wound repair in elderly patients.

     

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