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Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  >  > Accepted Manuscript
Li Yi,Zheng Yaoyi,Wang Yahong,et al.Effects of astragaloside Ⅰ on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2026,42(8):1-10.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20260116-00026.
Citation: Li Yi,Zheng Yaoyi,Wang Yahong,et al.Effects of astragaloside Ⅰ on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2026,42(8):1-10.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20260116-00026.
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Effects of astragaloside Ⅰ on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20260116-00026

  • School of Shuren International (School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship), Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China

Funds:

Joint Project of the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program 2024011888-JH3/4700

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  • Corresponding author: Luo Zhonghua, Email: zhonghua_2398@163.com
  • Received Date: 2026-01-16
    Available Online: 2026-08-03
    Abstract
  •   Objective  To investigate the effects of astragaloside I (AS-Ⅰ) on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism.  Methods  This study was an experimental study with grouped design and repeated measures design. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into control group (n=6) and modeling group (n=18) using a random number table method (the same grouping method was used throughout). After successful induction of diabetes mellitus, the modeling group was further divided into model group, low-dose AS-Ⅰ group, and high-dose AS-Ⅰ group, with 6 rats in each group. A full-thickness skin defect wound with a diameter of 10 mm was created on the back of each rat. Wounds in control group group and model group were treated with normal saline, while those in low-dose AS-Ⅰ group and high-dose AS-Ⅰ group were treated with 1.15 and 11.50 mmol/L AS-I, respectively, for 3 consecutive days. Wound healing rates of rats were calculated at post-injury days (PIDs) 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 15. At PIDs 15, Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess collagen deposition; immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect Ki-67 positive expression in wound tissues, and the expression level was quantified. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to screen for potential key targets of AS-Ⅰ intervention in diabetic wound healing. Molecular docking simulation was utilized to validate the binding of AS-Ⅰ to the target proteins, and molecular dynamics simulation was performed to verify the stability of the interaction between AS-Ⅰ and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). At PIDs 15, Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and FOXO1 in wound tissues of rats among four groups.  Results  Compared with those in control group, the wound healing rates of rats in model group at PIDs 3 and 15 were significantly decreased (P<0.05); whereas the healing rates of rats in low-dose AS-Ⅰ group at PIDs 7 and 13, and in high-dose AS-Ⅰ group at PIDs 5, 7, 9, 13, and 15 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those in model group, wound healing rates of wats in both low-dose AS-Ⅰ group and high-dose AS-I group at PIDs 3, 9, 13, and 15 were significantly increased (P<0.05). At PIDs 15, In control group, collagen fibers in the wounds of rats were regularly and densely arranged; in model group, they were sparse and disorganized; improved collagen deposition in the wounds of rats was observed in low-dose AS-Ⅰ group compared with the model group; collagen fibers in the wounds of rats in high-dose AS-Ⅰ group exhibited densely and orderly arranged with higher maturity. At PID 15, Compared with that in control group, the Ki-67 expression level in wound tissues of rats in model group was significantly lower (P<0.05); compared with that in model group, the Ki-67 expression level in wound tissues of rats in low-dose AS-Ⅰ group was significantly higher (P<0.05); compared with those in control group, model group, and low-dose AS-Ⅰ group, the Ki-67 expression level in wound tissues of rats in high-dose AS-Ⅰ group was significantly higher (with P values all <0.05). The results of network pharmacology analysis identified 63 overlapping targets between AS-Ⅰ-associated targets and diabetic-wound-related targets, involving the FOXO signaling pathway and protein targets including EGFR, CDK2, GRB2, PIK3CA, and STAT3. The results of molecular docking simulation indicated stable binding of AS-Ⅰ to these targets and to FOXO1 protein, while the results of molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated strong binding affinity between AS-Ⅰ and FOXO1 protein. Compared with those in control group, the protein expression levels of STAT3, GRB2, and FOXO1 in wound tissue of rats in model group were significantly upregulated (with P values all <0.05), while the protein expression levels of PIK3CA, EGFR, and CDK2 were significantly downregulated (with P values all <0.05). Compared with those in model group, the protein expression levels of STAT3, GRB2, and FOXO1 in wound tissue of rats in low-dose group and high-dose AS-Ⅰ group were significantly downregulated (with P values all <0.05), while the protein expression levels of PIK3CA, EGFR, and CDK2 were significantly upregulated (with P values all <0.05). Compared with those in low-dose AS-Ⅰ group, the protein expression levels of STAT3, GRB2, and FOXO1 in wound tissue of rats in high-dose AS-Ⅰ group were significantly downregulated (with P values all <0.05), while the protein expression levels of PIK3CA, EGFR, and CDK2 were significantly upregulated (with P values all <0.05).  Conclusions  AS-Ⅰ may promote wound healing in full-thickness skin defects of diabetic rats and improve collagen fiber arrangement by regulating the FOXO signaling pathway, which downregulates STAT3, GRB2, and FOXO1 protein expression and upregulates PIK3CA, EGFR, and CDK2 protein expression.

     

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