Email Alerts
RSS
Volume 38 Issue 11
Nov.  2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  > 2022  >  38(11): 1057-1065
Yu XP,Liu YK,Ma X,et al.Effect of deep dermal tissue dislocation injury on skin fibrosis in pig[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2022,38(11):1057-1065.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210831-00301.
Citation: Yu XP,Liu YK,Ma X,et al.Effect of deep dermal tissue dislocation injury on skin fibrosis in pig[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2022,38(11):1057-1065.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210831-00301.
shu

Effect of deep dermal tissue dislocation injury on skin fibrosis in pig

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210831-00301
  • 1.

    Department of Burns, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730010, China

  • 2.

    Wound Repair Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Wound Repair Research Center, Shanghai 200025, China

Funds:

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81460294, 81101433, 81071566

Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province 21JR7RA609, 21JR7RA674

More Information
    Abstract
  •   Objective  To explore the effect of deep dermal tissue dislocation injury on skin fibrosis in pig, in order to provide some theoretical basis for burn scar treatment.  Methods  The experimental research method was applied. Six 2-month-old female Duroc pigs were taken. Fifteen operative areas on the right dorsum of pigs on which medium-thick skin grafts and deep dermal tissue slices were cut and re-implanted were included into dermal in situ reimplantation group, and fifteen operative areas on the left dorsum of pigs on which medium-thick skin grafts and deep dermal tissue slices were cut and the deep dermal tissue slice was placed under the fat layer were included into the dermal dislocation group. The hair growth in the operative areas on post-injury day (PID) 7, 14, and 21 and the cross-sectional structure on PID 14 were observed in the two groups. On PID 7, 14, and 21, the skin thickness (the distance from the epidermis to the upper edge of the fat), the dermal thickness (the distance from the lower edge of the epidermis to the upper edge of the fat, excluding the fibrotic tissue thickness between the dermis and the fat), and the fibrosis tissue thickness of the dermis-fat interface (from the lower edge of the deep dermis to the upper edge of the fat in dermal in situ reimplantation group and from the lower edge of the superficial dermis to the upper edge of the fat in dermal dislocation group) in the operative areas were measured and compared between the two groups; the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal cutting interface (from the lower edge of the superficial dermis to the upper edge of the deep dermis) in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group was measured and compared with the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface. Sirius red staining was performed to observe and compare the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen content in the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas between the 2 groups and between the dermal cutting interface and dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the positive expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the operative areas in the two groups. The sample number was 6. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test.  Results  On PID 7, 14, and 21, the hairs in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group were denser than those in dermal dislocation group. On PID 14, the skin cross section in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group showed a "sandwich"-like structure, while the skin cross section in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group had normal structure. On PID 7, 14, and 21, the skin thickness in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was (4 234±186), (4 688±360), and (4 548±360) μm, respectively, which was close to (4 425±156), (4 714±141), and (4 310±473) μm in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05); the dermal thickness in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was significantly thinner than that in dermal in situ reimplantation group (with t values of -9.73, -15.85, and -15.41, respectively, P<0.01); the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was significantly thicker than that in dermal in situ reimplantation group (with t values of 14.48, 20.58, and 15.67, respectively, P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface and the dermal cutting interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05). On PID 7, 14, 21, the type Ⅲ collagen content in the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was increased significantly compared with that in dermal in situ replantation group (with t values of 2.65, 0.61, and 7.39, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the type Ⅰ collagen content at the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas between the 2 groups (P>0.05) and the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen content between the dermal-fat interface and the dermal cutting interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05). On PID 7, 14, and 21, PCNA, TGF-β1, FGF-2, and HGF were positively expressed in the superficial dermis and adipose tissue in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group, while PCNA, TGF-β1, FGF-2, and HGF were positively expressed in the superficial dermis, deep dermis, and adipose tissue in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group.  Conclusions  Inadequate intrinsic thickness of dermal tissue is the key factor causing fibrosis, and the biological purpose of fibrosis is to "compensate" the intrinsic thickness of the skin. Besides, adipose tissue may also be an important component of fibrotic skin repair.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References(31)
  • [1]
    苏海涛,李宗瑜,陆树良,等.不同厚度真皮组织缺损与增生性瘢痕形成的关系[J].中华创伤杂志,2005,21(7):517-519.DOI: 10.3760/j:issn:1001-8050.2005.07.010.
    [2]
    DingJ,MaZ,ShankowskyHA,et al.Deep dermal fibroblast profibrotic characteristics are enhanced by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells[J].Wound Repair Regen,2013,21(3):448-455.DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12046.
    [3]
    HonardoustD,DingJ,VarkeyM,et al.Deep dermal fibroblasts refractory to migration and decorin-induced apoptosis contribute to hypertrophic scarring[J].J Burn Care Res,2012,33(5):668-677.DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31824088e3.
    [4]
    Ali-BaharM,BauerB,TredgetEE,et al.Dermal fibroblasts from different layers of human skin are heterogeneous in expression of collagenase and types I and III procollagen mRNA[J].Wound Repair Regen,2004,12(2):175-182.DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012110.x.
    [5]
    WangJ,DoddC,ShankowskyHA,et al.Deep dermal fibroblasts contribute to hypertrophic scarring[J].Lab Invest,2008,88(12):1278-1290.DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.101.
    [6]
    毛和水,王野平,王倩,等.自体皮浆修复中厚皮供区创面临床效果的前瞻性随机对照研究[J].中华烧伤杂志,2021,37(3):232-236.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200304-00121.
    [7]
    曹大勇,狄海萍,邢培朋,等.中厚皮切取后取皮区直接植皮修复在儿童烧伤后腘窝瘢痕挛缩治疗的临床应用[J].中国医疗美容,2019,9(8):58-62.DOI: 10.19593/j.issn.2095-0721.2019.08.016.
    [8]
    赵文斌,叶建州,杨恩品,等.全厚皮片游离移植治疗大面积色素痣[J].皮肤病与性病,2010,32(3):4-5.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1310.2010.03.003.
    [9]
    马继光,冯越蹇,薛志强,等.胸腹部皮瓣及全厚皮片修复全面部瘢痕[J].中国美容整形外科杂志,2006,17(5):363-365.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7040.2006.05.014.
    [10]
    HonardoustD,VarkeyM,MarcouxY,et al.Reduced decorin, fibromodulin, and transforming growth factor-β3 in deep dermis leads to hypertrophic scarring[J].J Burn Care Res,2012,33(2):218-227.DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182335980.
    [11]
    KimWS,ParkBS,SungJH,et al.Wound healing effect of adipose-derived stem cells: a critical role of secretory factors on human dermal fibroblasts[J].J Dermatol Sci,2007,48(1):15-24.DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.018.
    [12]
    ShiHX,LinC,LinBB,et al.The anti-scar effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on the wound repair in vitro and in vivo[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e59966.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059966.
    [13]
    MarangoniRG,KormanBD,WeiJ,et al.Myofibroblasts in murine cutaneous fibrosis originate from adiponectin-positive intradermal progenitors[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2015,67(4):1062-1073.DOI: 10.1002/art.38990.
    [14]
    PanX,ChenZ,HuangR,et al.Transforming growth factor β1 induces the expression of collagen type I by DNA methylation in cardiac fibroblasts[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e60335.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060335.
    [15]
    WikanN,PotikanondS,NimlamoolW.Alpinetin suppresses effects of TGF-β1 on stimulating the production and organization of fibrotic markers in human primary dermal fibroblasts[J].Cells,2022,11(17):2731.DOI: 10.3390/cells11172731.
    [16]
    KimWS,ParkBS,ParkSH,et al.Antiwrinkle effect of adipose-derived stem cell: activation of dermal fibroblast by secretory factors[J].J Dermatol Sci,2009,53(2):96-102.DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.08.007.
    [17]
    van den BogaerdtAJ,van der VeenVC,van ZuijlenPP,et al.Collagen cross-linking by adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and scar-derived mesenchymal cells: are mesenchymal stromal cells involved in scar formation?[J].Wound Repair Regen,2009,17(4):548-558.DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00501.x.
    [18]
    TredgetEE.Pathophysiology and treatment of fibroproliferative disorders following thermal injury[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,1999,888:165-182.DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07955.x.
    [19]
    XueM,ZhaoR,MarchL,et al.Dermal fibroblast heterogeneity and its contribution to the skin repair and regeneration[J].Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle),2022,11(2):87-107.DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1287.
    [20]
    WeiJJ,TangL,ChenLL,et al.Mesenchymal stem cells attenuates TGF-β1-induced EMT by increasing HGF expression in HK-2 cells[J].Iran J Public Health,2021,50(5):908-918.DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i5.6108.
    [21]
    WuZY,ZhangHJ,ZhouZH,et al.The effect of inhibiting exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway on the fibrosis of keloid fibroblasts[J].Gland Surg,2021,10(3):1046-1056.DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-4.
    [22]
    胡华婷, 王巧稚, 李静婷, 等. 脂肪来源干细胞培养基对瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2020, 36(19):3091-3094. DOI: 10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2020.19.034.
    [23]
    ShenH,HuangX,ZhaoY,et al.The Hippo pathway links adipocyte plasticity to adipose tissue fibrosis[J].Nat Commun,2022,13(1):6030.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33800-0.
    [24]
    ChengTL,ChenPK,HuangWK,et al.Plasminogen/thrombomodulin signaling enhances VEGF expression to promote cutaneous wound healing[J].J Mol Med (Berl),2018,96(12):1333-1344.DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1702-1.
    [25]
    StanojcicM,AbdullahiA,RehouS,et al.Pathophysiological response to burn injury in adults[J].Ann Surg,2018,267(3):576-584.DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002097.
    [26]
    王西樵,苏海涛,向军,等.真皮模板对烧伤患者创面修复过程中细胞凋亡和p53基因表达的影响[J].中华烧伤杂志,2004,20(6):351-353.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2004.06.010.
    [27]
    WangJ,CaiJ,ZhangQ,et al.Fat transplantation induces dermal adipose regeneration and reverses skin fibrosis through dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of adipocytes[J].Stem Cell Res Ther,2022,13(1):499.DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03127-0.
    [28]
    刘英开,陆树良,青春,等.真皮模板对大鼠创面组织生物力学顺应性的影响[J].中华烧伤杂志,2005,21(2):122-124.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2005.02.014.
    [29]
    陆树良,青春,刘英开,等.瘢痕形成机制的研究:真皮"模板缺损"学说[J].中华烧伤杂志,2007,23(1):6-12.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2007.01.003.
    [30]
    左海斌,彭代智,郑必祥,等.异体颗粒状脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复大鼠皮肤缺损创面效果观察[J].中华烧伤杂志,2011,27(1):10-15.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2011.01.005.
    [31]
    向军, 陆树良. 表皮、真皮因素对创面愈合中成纤维细胞生物学行为的影响[J]. 感染、炎症、修复, 2002, 3(4):244-246. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8521.2002.04.014.
    • Relative Articles

  • Relative Articles

    [1]Li Yashu, He Weifeng, Lyu Kaiyang. Role and mechanism of Vγ4 T cell depletion in epidermal tissue repair after ultraviolet damage to mouse skin[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(5): 415-424. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20240121-00026
    [2]Heng Xue, Li Buying, Gao Shijie, Lu Changjin, Zhang Xiaorong, Hu Xiaohong, Luo Gaoxing, Li Haisheng. Role and mechanism of P311 in the differentiation of mouse skin fibroblasts into myofibroblasts[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(9): 849-856. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231215-00245
    [3]Zhang Lixia, Hu Dahai. Research advances on the role of aerobic glycolysis in skin fibrosis diseases[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(4): 389-394. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230712-00004
    [4]Li Wei, Kong Weishi, Bao Yulu, Sun Yu. Research advances of skin tissue engineering scaffolds loaded with adipose-derived stem cells in wound repair[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(11): 1090-1095. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221123-00502
    [5]Chen Wei, Xu Guangchao, Huang Zhonglu, Chen Li, Nie Kaiyu. Research advances on the mechanism of nerve regeneration-related protein in skin fibrosis[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(5): 491-495. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220701-00278
    [6]Li Jin, Wu Haibo, Jin Guangzhe, Zhu Congkun, Wang Kai, Wang Qiang, Ju Jihui, Hou Ruixing. Comparative study of the effects between second toe tibial dorsal artery flap and second toe tibial plantar proper artery flap in repairing finger skin and soft tissue defects[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(10): 937-943. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210909-00310
    [7]Zhu Dongzhen, Yao Bin, Yan Ziqiang, Huang Sha, Fu Xiaobing. Research advances on the construction of an ideal scar model in vitro based on innovative tissue engineering technology[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(10): 983-988. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210723-00257
    [8]Ma Xianjie, Ding Jianke. Application of skin and soft tissue expansion in repairing pediatric patients with superficial defects[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(4): 301-305. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20211019-00359
    [9]He Xiang, Li Jie, Liu Jiaqi, Zheng Zhao, Hu Dahai. Expressions and effects of autophagy-related genes in bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis of mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(5): 346-356. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200210-00047
    [10]Qi Jianghong, Cai Yuan, Deng Chengliang. Research update of effects of adipose tissue and component transplantation on scar treatment[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(7): 623-626. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200311-00151
    [11]Zhu Zhikang, Wu Pan, Wang Xingang, Han Chunmao. Advances in the research of sensory nerve regeneration in tissue engineering skin[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(3): 237-240. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.03.016
    [12]Li Feng, Wang Hongwei, Yin Huinan, Chi Yunfei, Hu Quan, Liu Wei, Chen Qi, Zhang Qinxue, Chen Xin, Liang Zhanling, Sun Yingjie, Ma Xiaofeng. Clinical effects and mechanism of treating extensive deep burns by stage-Ⅱ Meek skin grafting on adipose tissue after tangential excision[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2019, 35(6): 446-450. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.06.009
    [13]Huang Hong, Qiu Wei, Zhu Ming, Zhang Ya, Cui Wenhui, Xing Wei, Li Xiangyun, An Tianchen, Chen Minjia, Guo Wei, Xu Xiang. Expressions of the key proteins of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in skin tissue and wound tissue of diabetic rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2016, 32(10): 588-593. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.10.004
    [14]Yu Xiaoping, Kang Yutian, Zuo Yanhai, Liu Chuanbo, Ye Junna, Yuan Bo, Ji Xiaoyun, Song Fei, Jiang Yuzhi, Xiao Yurui, Jin Shuwen, Lu Shuliang. Fibrosis after damage to fat dome structure of skin of pig[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2015, 31(5): 349-353. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2015.05.009
    [15]LUO Xu, XIN Guo-hua, ZENG Tao-fang, LIN Cai, ZENG Yuan-lin, LI Yu-cong, QIU Ze-liang. Effects of microporous porcine acellular dermal matrix combined with bone marrow mesenchymalcells of rats on the regeneration of cutaneous appendages cells in nude mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2013, 29(6): 541-547. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2013.06.012
    [16]TENG Jian-ying, GUO Rui, XIE Jing, SUN Dong-jie, SHEN Ming-qiang, XU Shao-jun. Effects of different artificial dermal scaffolds on vascularization and scar formation of wounds in pigs with full-thickness burn[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2012, 28(1): 13-18. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2012.01.005
    [17]GE Xiao-jing, JIANG Yu-zhi, ZHANG Hong-wei. Advances in research of the mechanism of ＂ covert disorder＂ in diabetic skin[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2012, 28(1): 51-53. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2012.01.012
    [18]ZHENG Zhao, HU Da- hai, ZHU Xiong-xiang, HAN Jun-tao, WANG Yao-jun, LI Na, HAN Fu, XU Ming-da. Microsurgical repair of skin and soft tissue defects on head, face, and neck[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2010, 26(4): 263-267. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2010.04.005
    [20]ZHANG zhi, LIU Yan, ZHANG Xiong, XU Wei-shi. The content of decorin and its mRNA expression in normal human skin and hyperplastic scars[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2004, 20(2): 76-78.
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-042024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-03051015202530
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 39.2 %FULLTEXT: 39.2 %META: 55.8 %META: 55.8 %PDF: 5.1 %PDF: 5.1 %FULLTEXTMETAPDF
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 5.3 %其他: 5.3 %Seattle: 0.4 %Seattle: 0.4 %Wixom: 0.2 %Wixom: 0.2 %上海: 1.5 %上海: 1.5 %保定: 0.2 %保定: 0.2 %兰州: 0.9 %兰州: 0.9 %北京: 0.7 %北京: 0.7 %华盛顿: 0.2 %华盛顿: 0.2 %南京: 1.1 %南京: 1.1 %厦门: 0.4 %厦门: 0.4 %合肥: 0.2 %合肥: 0.2 %吉隆坡: 0.2 %吉隆坡: 0.2 %哥伦布: 0.2 %哥伦布: 0.2 %天津: 0.2 %天津: 0.2 %宣城: 0.2 %宣城: 0.2 %广州: 0.4 %广州: 0.4 %张家口: 4.2 %张家口: 4.2 %张家界: 0.2 %张家界: 0.2 %悉尼: 0.2 %悉尼: 0.2 %成都: 0.4 %成都: 0.4 %扬州: 0.4 %扬州: 0.4 %新乡: 0.2 %新乡: 0.2 %昆明: 0.4 %昆明: 0.4 %普赖恩维尔: 0.7 %普赖恩维尔: 0.7 %武汉: 0.7 %武汉: 0.7 %汕头: 0.2 %汕头: 0.2 %江门: 0.2 %江门: 0.2 %沃思堡: 2.0 %沃思堡: 2.0 %洛阳: 0.9 %洛阳: 0.9 %济南: 0.9 %济南: 0.9 %海得拉巴: 0.7 %海得拉巴: 0.7 %深圳: 0.2 %深圳: 0.2 %温州: 0.7 %温州: 0.7 %湛江: 0.7 %湛江: 0.7 %焦作: 0.2 %焦作: 0.2 %石家庄: 0.4 %石家庄: 0.4 %芒廷维尤: 58.6 %芒廷维尤: 58.6 %芝加哥: 0.9 %芝加哥: 0.9 %苏州: 0.2 %苏州: 0.2 %葵涌: 0.4 %葵涌: 0.4 %襄阳: 0.2 %襄阳: 0.2 %西宁: 1.5 %西宁: 1.5 %西安: 0.2 %西安: 0.2 %贵阳: 0.7 %贵阳: 0.7 %郑州: 0.4 %郑州: 0.4 %都柏林: 0.2 %都柏林: 0.2 %重庆: 6.0 %重庆: 6.0 %银川: 0.2 %银川: 0.2 %长沙: 1.8 %长沙: 1.8 %青岛: 0.7 %青岛: 0.7 %驻马店: 0.4 %驻马店: 0.4 %齐齐哈尔: 0.2 %齐齐哈尔: 0.2 %其他SeattleWixom上海保定兰州北京华盛顿南京厦门合肥吉隆坡哥伦布天津宣城广州张家口张家界悉尼成都扬州新乡昆明普赖恩维尔武汉汕头江门沃思堡洛阳济南海得拉巴深圳温州湛江焦作石家庄芒廷维尤芝加哥苏州葵涌襄阳西宁西安贵阳郑州都柏林重庆银川长沙青岛驻马店齐齐哈尔

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(7)  / Tables(4)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article has an altmetric score of 1
    Article views (251) PDF downloads(23) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © Chinese Journal of Burns京ICP备07035254号-14

    E-mail：shaoshangzazhi@163.com

    Website：https://zhsszz.xml-journal.net/

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return