Email Alerts
RSS
Volume 40 Issue 2
Feb.  2024
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
References
Article Navigation >  CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS  > 2024  >  40(2): 131-140
Gu YN,Xu XH,Wang YP,et al.Effects of cerium oxide nanoenzyme-gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel in the repair of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2024,40(2):131-140.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231120-00201.
Citation: Gu YN,Xu XH,Wang YP,et al.Effects of cerium oxide nanoenzyme-gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel in the repair of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice[J].Chin J Burns Wounds,2024,40(2):131-140.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231120-00201.
shu

Effects of cerium oxide nanoenzyme-gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel in the repair of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231120-00201
  • 1.

    Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China

  • 2.

    Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China

  • 3.

    Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China

Funds:

General Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province of China 2020SF-179

More Information
    Abstract
  •   Objective   To investigate the effects of cerium oxide nanoenzyme-gelatin methacrylate anhydride (GelMA) hydrogel (hereinafter referred to as composite hydrogel) in the repair of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.   Methods   This study was an experimental study. Cerium oxide nanoenzyme with a particle size of (116±9) nm was prepared by hydrothermal method, and GelMA hydrogel with porous network structure and good gelling performance was also prepared. The 25 μg/mL cerium oxide nanoenzyme which could significantly promote the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts and had high superoxide dismutase activity was screened out. It was added to GelMA hydrogel to prepare composite hydrogel. The percentage of cerium oxide nanoenzyme released from the composite hydrogel was calculated after immersing it in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for 3 and 7 d. The red blood cell suspension of mice was divided into PBS group, Triton X-100 group, cerium oxide nanoenzyme group, GelMA hydrogel group, and composite hydrogel group, which were treated with corresponding solution. The hemolysis of red blood cells was detected by microplate reader after 1 h of treatment. The bacterial concentrations of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli were determined after being cultured with PBS, cerium oxide nanoenzyme, GelMA hydrogel, and composite hydrogel for 2 h. The sample size in all above experiments was 3. Twenty-four 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were taken, and a full-thickness skin defect wound was prepared in the symmetrical position on the back and infected with MRSA. The mice were divided into control group without any drug intervention, and cerium oxide nanoenzyme group, GelMA hydrogel group, and composite hydrogel group applied with corresponding solution, with 6 mice in each group. The wound healing was observed on 3, 7, and 14 d after injury, and the remaining wound areas on 3 and 7 d after injury were measured (the sample size was 5). The concentration of MRSA in the wound exudation of mice on 3 d after injury was measured (the sample size was 3), and the blood flow perfusion in the wound of mice on 5 d after injury was observed using a laser speckle flow imaging system (the sample size was 6). On 14 d after injury, the wound tissue of mice was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the newly formed epithelium and for Masson staining to observe the collagen situation (the sample size was both 3).   Results   After immersion for 3 and 7 d, the release percentages of cerium oxide nanoenzyme in the composite hydrogel were about 39% and 75%, respectively. After 1 h of treatment, compared with that in Triton X-100 group, the hemolysis of red blood cells in PBS group, GelMA hydrogel group, cerium oxide nanoenzyme group, and composite hydrogel group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that cultured with PBS, the concentrations of MRSA and Escherichia colicultured with cerium oxide nanoenzyme, GelMA hydrogel, and composite hydrogel for 2 h were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The wounds of mice in the four groups were gradually healed from 3 to 14 d after injury, and the wounds of mice in composite hydrogel group were all healed on 14 d after injury. On 3 and 7 d after injury, the remaining wound areas of mice in composite hydrogel group were (29±3) and (13±5) mm 2, respectively, which were significantly smaller than (56±12) and (46±10) mm 2 in control group and (51±7) and (38±8) mm 2 in cerium oxide nanoenzyme group (with P values all <0.05), but was similar to (41±5) and (24±9) mm 2 in GelMA hydrogel group (with P values both >0.05). On 3 d after injury, the concentration of MRSA on the wound of mice in composite hydrogel group was significantly lower than that in control group, cerium oxide nanoenzyme group, and GelMA hydrogel group, respectively (with Pvalues all <0.05). On 5 d after injury, the volume of blood perfusion in the wound of mice in composite hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in control group, cerium oxide nanoenzyme group, and GelMA hydrogel group, respectively ( P<0.05). On 14 d after injury, the wound of mice in composite hydrogel group basically completed epithelization, and the epithelization was significantly better than that in the other three groups. Compared with that in the other three groups, the content of collagen in the wound of mice in composite hydrogel group was significantly increased, and the arrangement was also more orderly.   Conclusions   The composite hydrogel has good biocompatibility and antibacterial effect in vivo and in vitro. It can continuously sustained release cerium oxide nanoenzyme, improve wound blood perfusion in the early stage, and promote wound re-epithelialization and collagen synthesis, therefore promoting the healing of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
    • References(31)
  • [1]
    GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Lancet, 2022,400(10369):2221-2248. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7.
    [2]
    ZhaoX, LiangY, HuangY, et al. Physical double-network hydrogel adhesives with rapid shape adaptability, fast self-healing, antioxidant and NIR/pH stimulus-responsiveness for multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and removable wound dressing[J].Adv Funct Mater, 2020, 30(17): 1910748. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910748.
    [3]
    BanuS,SurD.Role of macrophage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: macrophage polarization a new paradigm for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets,2023,23(1):2-11.DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220630093359.
    [4]
    MarrellaA,LagazzoA,DellacasaE,et al.3D porous gelatin/PVA hydrogel as meniscus substitute using alginate micro-particles as porogens[J].Polymers (Basel),2018,10(4):380. DOI: 10.3390/polym10040380.
    [5]
    JiangG,LiS,YuK,et al.A 3D-printed PRP-GelMA hydrogel promotes osteochondral regeneration through M2 macrophage polarization in a rabbit model[J].Acta Biomater,2021,128:150-162.DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.010.
    [6]
    RenS,ZhouY,ZhengK,et al.Cerium oxide nanoparticles loaded nanofibrous membranes promote bone regeneration for periodontal tissue engineering[J].Bioact Mater,2022,7:242-253.DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.037.
    [7]
    MaS,LuY,ZhuX,et al.Efficient modulation of electron pathways by constructing a MnO 2-x@CeO 2 interface toward advanced lithium-oxygen batteries[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2022,14(19):22104-22113.DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02318.
    [8]
    ChengX, ZhangX, SuD, et al. NO reduction by CO over copper catalyst supported on mixed CeO 2 and Fe 2O 3: catalyst design and activity test[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 239: 485-501.DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.08.054.
    [9]
    EmaT,ChoiPG,TakamiS,et al.Facet-controlled synthesis of CeO 2 nanoparticles for high-performance CeO 2 nanoparticle/SnO 2 nanosheet hybrid gas sensors[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2022,14(51):56998-57007.DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17444.
    [10]
    HosseiniM,MozafariM.Cerium oxide nanoparticles: recent advances in tissue engineering[J].Materials (Basel),2020,13(14):3072.DOI: 10.3390/ma13143072.
    [11]
    WangY,HuangY,FuY,et al.Reductive damage induced autophagy inhibition for tumor therapy[J].Nano Res,2023,16(4):5226-5236.DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5139-z.
    [12]
    MaiHX,SunLD,ZhangYW,et al.Shape-selective synthesis and oxygen storage behavior of ceria nanopolyhedra, nanorods, and nanocubes[J].J Phys Chem B,2005,109(51):24380-24385.DOI: 10.1021/jp055584b.
    [13]
    KarahanA,AAbbasoğluA,IşıkSA,et al.Factors affecting wound healing in individuals with pressure ulcers: a retrospective study[J].Ostomy Wound Manage,2018,64(2):32-39.
    [14]
    DunnillC,PattonT,BrennanJ,et al.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wound healing: the functional role of ROS and emerging ROS-modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process[J].Int Wound J,2017,14(1):89-96.DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12557.
    [15]
    LiuJ,HuF,TangJ,et al.Homemade-device-induced negative pressure promotes wound healing more efficiently than VSD-induced positive pressure by regulating inflammation, proliferation and remodeling[J].Int J Mol Med,2017,39(4):879-888.DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2919.
    [16]
    LiangZ, LuoJ, LiuS, et al. Injectable, antibacterial, ROS scavenging and pro-angiogenic hydrogel adhesives promote chronic wound healing in diabetes via synergistic release of NMN and Mg 2+[J]. Chem Eng J, 2023, 475: 146092.
    [17]
    ThuHE,ZulfakarMH,NgSF.Alginate based bilayer hydrocolloid films as potential slow-release modern wound dressing[J].Int J Pharm,2012,434(1/2):375-383.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.044.
    [18]
    ZhuM,LiuP,ShiH,et al.Balancing antimicrobial activity with biological safety: bifunctional chitosan derivative for the repair of wounds with Gram-positive bacterial infections[J].J Mater Chem B,2018,6(23):3884-3893.DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00620b.
    [19]
    KurianAG,SinghRK,PatelKD,et al.Multifunctional GelMA platforms with nanomaterials for advanced tissue therapeutics[J].Bioact Mater,2022,8:267-295.DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.027.
    [20]
    ZhouB,JiangX,ZhouX,et al.GelMA-based bioactive hydrogel scaffolds with multiple bone defect repair functions: therapeutic strategies and recent advances[J].Biomater Res,2023,27(1):86.DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00422-6.
    [21]
    NegutI,GrumezescuV,GrumezescuAM.Treatment strategies for infected wounds[J].Molecules,2018,23(9):2392.DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092392.
    [22]
    KorsvikC,PatilS,SealS,et al.Superoxide dismutase mimetic properties exhibited by vacancy engineered ceria nanoparticles[J].Chem Commun (Camb),2007(10):1056-1058.DOI: 10.1039/b615134e.
    [23]
    AlsharifNB,SamuGF,SáringerS,et al.Antioxidant colloids via heteroaggregation of cerium oxide nanoparticles and latex beads[J].Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2022,216:112531.DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112531.
    [24]
    KettigerH,SchipanskiA,WickP,et al.Engineered nanomaterial uptake and tissue distribution: from cell to organism[J].Int J Nanomedicine,2013,8:3255-3269.DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S49770.
    [25]
    YueK,Trujillo-de SantiagoG,AlvarezMM,et al.Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels[J].Biomaterials,2015,73:254-271.DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045.
    [26]
    LeiK, SunY, SunC, et al. Fabrication of a controlled in situ forming polypeptide hydrogel with a good biological compatibility and shapeable property[J]. ACS Appl Bio Mater, 2019,2(4):1751-1761. DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00157.
    [27]
    RamburrunP, KhanRA, ChoonaraYE. Design, preparation, and functionalization of nanobiomaterials for enhanced efficacy in current and future biomedical applications[J]. Nanotechnology Reviews, 2022, 11(1): 1802-1826.DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0106.
    [28]
    SorgH,TilkornDJ,HagerS,et al.Skin wound healing: an update on the current knowledge and concepts[J].Eur Surg Res,2017,58(1/2):81-94.DOI: 10.1159/000454919.
    [29]
    LiangY,HeJ,GuoB.Functional hydrogels as wound dressing to enhance wound healing[J].ACS Nano,2021,15(8):12687-12722.DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04206.
    [30]
    LiY,BiX,WuM,et al.Adjusting the stiffness of a cell-free hydrogel system based on tissue-specific extracellular matrix to optimize adipose tissue regeneration[J/OL].Burns Trauma,2023,11:tkad002[2024-01-25].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36873282/. DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad002.
    [31]
    HanZ,DengL,ChenS,et al.Zn 2+-loaded adhesive bacterial cellulose hydrogel with angiogenic and antibacterial abilities for accelerating wound healing[J/OL].Burns Trauma,2023,11:tkac048[2024-01-25].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751362/.DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac048.
    • Relative Articles

  • Relative Articles

    [1]Dong Zuqin, Chen Yafang, Liang Jie, Fan Yujiang. Research advances of collagen-based biomaterials in wound repair[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(1): 90-95. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231026-00136
    [2]Liu Ying, Cheng Feng, Wang Zewei, Jin Hongxu, Cao Binyan, You Pingfei, Hu An, Shi Xiuyun, Du Juan, Yuan Zhixin. Preparation of chitin/hyaluronic acid/collagen hydrogel loaded with mouse adipose-derived stem cells and its effects on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(1): 50-56. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230928-00101
    [3]Yan Zhenzhen, Wang Yuxiang, Zhang Tinglin, Xun Jingnan, Ma Yicheng, Ji Chao, Gao Jie, Xiao Shichu. Properties of gelatin-polyethylene glycol hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticle Chlorella and its effects on healing of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(1): 33-42. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231020-00126
    [4]Xun Haoyi, Su Xiaowei, Hu Fangchao, Liu Xiangyu, Wu Yushou, Liu Tian, Sun Ran, Duan Hongjie, Chi Yunfei, Chai Jiake. Effects of advanced platelet-rich fibrin/chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel on full-thickness skin defect wound healing in diabetic rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(5): 451-460. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231020-00127
    [5]Pan Zeping, Shi Yunlong, Yuan Zhiqiang, Peng Yizhi, An Zhonglian, Le Shuai, Gong Yali. Effects and mechanisms of zinc ion-loaded composite hydrogel on infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(9): 866-875. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231120-00200
    [6]Chen Yiqi, Zhou Yingqian, Wei Qian, Xie Xiaoye, Liu Xinzhu, Li Dawei, Shen Chuan'an. Effects of gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel loaded with small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2024, 40(4): 323-332. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231218-00248
    [7]Gao Yixuan, Wang Lingfeng, Ba Te, Zou Xiaofang, Cao Shengjun, Li Junliang, Li Fang, Zhou Biao. Research advances of natural biomaterials in promoting wound repair[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(5): 481-486. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220630-00276
    [8]Tao Yibing, Shi Keqing, Xiao Jian. Research progress of biomaterials with ordered micro-nano structure in wound repair[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(9): 896-900. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221017-00455
    [9]Lyu Yang, Chu Wanli, Chen Yu, Li Yujing, Ma Xilan. Research advances on conductive hydrogels and their applications in the repair of diabetic wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(6): 586-590. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220929-00425
    [10]Luo Gaoxing, Lu Yifei, Huang Can. Role of functional hydrogel in promoting wound healing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2023, 39(1): 9-14. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221123-00503
    [11]Zhu Meng, Chen Yuzhou, Ou Jinzhao, Li Zhao, Huang Sha, Hu Xiaohua, Ju Xiaoyan, Tian Ye, Niu Zhongwei. Effects and mechanism of water-soluble chitosan hydrogel on infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(10): 923-931. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220507-00175
    [12]Zhang Qingrong, Chen Changyou, Xu Na, Lyu Dalun, Jia Jiezhi, Li Wenhong, Luo Gaoxing, Yu Yunlong, Zhang Yi. Effect of P311 microspheres-loaded thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(10): 914-922. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220414-00135
    [13]Chen Xiangjun, Wu Xing, Lin Huanhuan, Liu Zhaoxing, Liu Sha. Effects of methacrylic anhydride gelatin hydrogel loaded with silver and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor on deep partial-thickness burn wounds in rabbits[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(7): 640-649. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210726-00260
    [14]Liang Liting, Song Wei, Zhang Chao, Li Zhao, Yao Bin, Zhang Mengde, Yuan Xingyu, Enhejirigala, Fu Xiaobing, Huang Sha, Zhu Ping. Effects of in situ cross-linked graphene oxide-containing gelatin methacrylate anhydride hydrogel on wound vascularization of full-thickness skin defect in mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(7): 616-628. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220314-00063
    [15]Ding Neng, Fu Xinxin, Wu Haimei, Zhu Lie. Research progress of the application of methacrylic anhydride gelatin hydrogel in wound repair[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2022, 38(11): 1096-1100. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220308-00056
    [16]Liu Kaituo, Hu Dahai. Research advances on the application of biocompatible materials in treating diabetic wounds[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(9): 885-886. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200619-00316
    [17]Shang Niansheng, Cui Binghuan, Wang Cheng, Gao Hua, Xu Bin, Zhao Ran, Huo Ran. A prospective randomized controlled study of the application effect of hydrogel dressings on deep partial-thickness burn wounds after dermabrasion and tangential excision[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(11): 1085-1089. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210419-00133
    [18]Huang Gang, Chen Liang. Biological activity of biomimetic dermal papilla spheres prepared by culture of dermal papilla cells of mice based on hanging drops of gelatin methacrylate and its hair-inducing function in nude mice[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2021, 37(8): 770-780. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210330-00109
    [19]Wei Lichun, Zhang Yijie, Huang Sha, Yao Bin, Li Xiang, Chen Xuyuan, Li Yan, Fu Xiaobing, Wu Xu. Preparation and preliminary research on the characteristics of modified nano-bioglass hydrogel[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2020, 36(10): 930-938. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20190806-00337
    [20]Yang Jing, Zhao Yang, Li Haihang, Zhu Shihui. Advances in the research of application of hydrogels in three-dimensional bioprinting[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS AND WOUNDS, 2016, 32(8): 505-507. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2016.08.016
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By

  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(1)

    1. 荀浩怡，苏小薇，胡方超，刘翔宇，吴育寿，刘甜，孙冉，段红杰，迟云飞，柴家科. 改良型富血小板纤维蛋白/壳聚糖温敏水凝胶对糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的影响. 中华烧伤与创面修复杂志. 2024(05): 451-460 . 本站查看

    Other cited types(0)

  • Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Amount of accessChart context menuAbstract Views, HTML Views, PDF Downloads StatisticsAbstract ViewsHTML ViewsPDF Downloads2024-052024-062024-072024-082024-092024-102024-112024-122025-012025-022025-032025-040200400600800
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Class DistributionFULLTEXT: 10.7 %FULLTEXT: 10.7 %META: 85.0 %META: 85.0 %PDF: 4.4 %PDF: 4.4 %FULLTEXTMETAPDF
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess Area Distribution其他: 2.9 %其他: 2.9 %其他: 0.1 %其他: 0.1 %Central District: 0.1 %Central District: 0.1 %China: 0.1 %China: 0.1 %San Jose: 0.1 %San Jose: 0.1 %三门峡: 0.5 %三门峡: 0.5 %上海: 1.2 %上海: 1.2 %东营: 0.1 %东营: 0.1 %乌鲁木齐: 0.1 %乌鲁木齐: 0.1 %亳州: 0.2 %亳州: 0.2 %佳木斯: 0.3 %佳木斯: 0.3 %信阳: 0.7 %信阳: 0.7 %包头: 2.0 %包头: 2.0 %北京: 2.5 %北京: 2.5 %北海: 0.1 %北海: 0.1 %南京: 0.4 %南京: 0.4 %南平: 0.1 %南平: 0.1 %南昌: 0.9 %南昌: 0.9 %南阳: 0.3 %南阳: 0.3 %厦门: 0.3 %厦门: 0.3 %合肥: 0.4 %合肥: 0.4 %吉林: 3.7 %吉林: 3.7 %咸阳: 0.1 %咸阳: 0.1 %哈尔滨: 0.7 %哈尔滨: 0.7 %哥伦布: 0.2 %哥伦布: 0.2 %唐山: 0.4 %唐山: 0.4 %商丘: 0.4 %商丘: 0.4 %嘉兴: 2.0 %嘉兴: 2.0 %大庆: 0.7 %大庆: 0.7 %大连: 0.1 %大连: 0.1 %天津: 0.7 %天津: 0.7 %宁波: 0.3 %宁波: 0.3 %安卡拉: 0.6 %安卡拉: 0.6 %安康: 0.8 %安康: 0.8 %宜宾: 0.1 %宜宾: 0.1 %宣城: 0.1 %宣城: 0.1 %宿迁: 0.2 %宿迁: 0.2 %山景城: 0.2 %山景城: 0.2 %巴黎: 0.3 %巴黎: 0.3 %常州: 0.1 %常州: 0.1 %常德: 0.1 %常德: 0.1 %广元: 0.4 %广元: 0.4 %广州: 12.9 %广州: 12.9 %廊坊: 0.6 %廊坊: 0.6 %张家口: 1.4 %张家口: 1.4 %徐州: 1.9 %徐州: 1.9 %德州: 0.4 %德州: 0.4 %惠州: 0.2 %惠州: 0.2 %成都: 2.3 %成都: 2.3 %扬州: 1.1 %扬州: 1.1 %抚州: 0.2 %抚州: 0.2 %新乡: 0.2 %新乡: 0.2 %无锡: 0.5 %无锡: 0.5 %日照: 0.1 %日照: 0.1 %昆明: 1.8 %昆明: 1.8 %普赖恩维尔: 0.3 %普赖恩维尔: 0.3 %朝阳: 0.4 %朝阳: 0.4 %本溪: 0.2 %本溪: 0.2 %杭州: 1.9 %杭州: 1.9 %梧州: 0.2 %梧州: 0.2 %榆林: 0.3 %榆林: 0.3 %武汉: 0.8 %武汉: 0.8 %沈阳: 0.3 %沈阳: 0.3 %沧州: 0.3 %沧州: 0.3 %泰州: 1.0 %泰州: 1.0 %洛杉矶: 0.2 %洛杉矶: 0.2 %洛阳: 0.4 %洛阳: 0.4 %济南: 0.2 %济南: 0.2 %海得拉巴: 0.3 %海得拉巴: 0.3 %淮北: 0.6 %淮北: 0.6 %深圳: 0.3 %深圳: 0.3 %温州: 0.9 %温州: 0.9 %渭南: 0.5 %渭南: 0.5 %湖州: 1.9 %湖州: 1.9 %漯河: 0.4 %漯河: 0.4 %漳州: 0.6 %漳州: 0.6 %潍坊: 1.4 %潍坊: 1.4 %潮州: 0.8 %潮州: 0.8 %珠海: 0.4 %珠海: 0.4 %白城: 0.1 %白城: 0.1 %盐城: 0.4 %盐城: 0.4 %盘锦: 0.4 %盘锦: 0.4 %石家庄: 0.5 %石家庄: 0.5 %石河子: 0.1 %石河子: 0.1 %福州: 0.3 %福州: 0.3 %秦皇岛: 2.2 %秦皇岛: 2.2 %绍兴: 0.9 %绍兴: 0.9 %绥化: 1.2 %绥化: 1.2 %肇庆: 0.2 %肇庆: 0.2 %芒廷维尤: 10.1 %芒廷维尤: 10.1 %芝加哥: 0.5 %芝加哥: 0.5 %苏州: 0.4 %苏州: 0.4 %荆门: 1.6 %荆门: 1.6 %衡水: 0.2 %衡水: 0.2 %西宁: 0.6 %西宁: 0.6 %西安: 1.7 %西安: 1.7 %赣州: 0.1 %赣州: 0.1 %运城: 1.0 %运城: 1.0 %通化: 0.3 %通化: 0.3 %郑州: 1.2 %郑州: 1.2 %重庆: 6.5 %重庆: 6.5 %金华: 0.4 %金华: 0.4 %长春: 0.4 %长春: 0.4 %长沙: 1.2 %长沙: 1.2 %阜阳: 0.1 %阜阳: 0.1 %阿克苏: 1.7 %阿克苏: 1.7 %驻马店: 0.4 %驻马店: 0.4 %鸡西: 1.2 %鸡西: 1.2 %黄山: 0.1 %黄山: 0.1 %齐齐哈尔: 1.1 %齐齐哈尔: 1.1 %其他其他Central DistrictChinaSan Jose三门峡上海东营乌鲁木齐亳州佳木斯信阳包头北京北海南京南平南昌南阳厦门合肥吉林咸阳哈尔滨哥伦布唐山商丘嘉兴大庆大连天津宁波安卡拉安康宜宾宣城宿迁山景城巴黎常州常德广元广州廊坊张家口徐州德州惠州成都扬州抚州新乡无锡日照昆明普赖恩维尔朝阳本溪杭州梧州榆林武汉沈阳沧州泰州洛杉矶洛阳济南海得拉巴淮北深圳温州渭南湖州漯河漳州潍坊潮州珠海白城盐城盘锦石家庄石河子福州秦皇岛绍兴绥化肇庆芒廷维尤芝加哥苏州荆门衡水西宁西安赣州运城通化郑州重庆金华长春长沙阜阳阿克苏驻马店鸡西黄山齐齐哈尔

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(6)  / Tables(1)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (951) PDF downloads(49) Cited by(1)
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright © Chinese Journal of Burns京ICP备07035254号-14

    E-mail：shaoshangzazhi@163.com

    Website：https://zhsszz.xml-journal.net/

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return